Release 0.1.1-rc.4

Housecarl 0.1.1's fourth release candidate. Since rc.3: the matrix reads
raw rules that are a match and a verdict (the imported neighbour
discovery rule is no longer unknown), and links to a rule open it on the
Rules page, highlighted, with rule IDs shown. make test and make e2e
(286 checks) pass.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -8,6 +8,22 @@ All notable changes to Housecarl are documented here. The format follows
 
 ### Added
 
+- **Links to a rule open it.** A rule named in the matrix, the log, the
+  tracer, statistics or the dashboard's busiest rules opens the Rules
+  page on its chain, scrolled to it and highlighted (`#/rules?rule=ID`).
+  The Rules page shows each rule's ID (`#410`, as `hc` and labels name
+  it) beside its order.
+- **A clearer zone matrix.** A cell reads allow, block, or **partly**
+  (some new connections let through, the rest not), with the exceptions
+  counted by what they do (`+3 -1` instead of `+4`), and what they let
+  through: services with the addresses they're limited to (`ssh from
+  trusted`, `5 port forwards`), under the grid in `hc matrix`, in each
+  cell on the Matrix page. A zone to itself is marked (only traffic routed
+  between its interfaces passes the firewall). The details list each
+  rule's hits. API: `summary`, `allowed`, `blocked`, `open`,
+  `same_zone`, `note`, `hits`, and `short` and `hits` per exception.
+  Raw rules that are a match and then accept, drop or reject (without
+  interfaces) are read instead of shown as unknown.
 - **Shadow mode** (`shadow.enabled` in housecarl.yaml; docs/shadow.md):
   Housecarl's ruleset is loaded beside the firewall you have but blocks,
   rejects and translates nothing. Drops and rejects are counted and accept
@@ -42,6 +58,12 @@ All notable changes to Housecarl are documented here. The format follows
 
 ### Fixed
 
+- `hc matrix` in a terminal: the colours' escape codes threw the columns
+  out of line.
+- `hc counters` (`GET /counters`) kept listing the objects of a
+  configuration replaced since housecarld started (`hc import
+  --replace` gives every object a new ID), beside the current ones; the
+  totals of objects that no longer exist are now forgotten.
 - Import: two base chains on one hook had their rules imported twice,
   and the second chain's leading built-ins were moved above the first
   chain's rules; they now follow each other by priority (read in a

README.md

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ The web UI is on `http://127.0.0.1:8070/` (see `listen` in
 
 ## Status
 
-Housecarl 0.1.1 is in testing (0.1.1-rc.2): zones, address sets and
+Housecarl 0.1.1 is in testing (0.1.1-rc.4): zones, address sets and
 services with ordered rules, IPv4 and IPv6, port forwards with hairpin NAT
 and IPv6 pinholes, source NAT and redirects, built-ins, probation for
 network changes (confirmed by the client that made them), the ruleset

VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-0.1.1-rc.2
+0.1.1-rc.4

cmd/hc/main_test.go

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"housecarl/internal/matrix"
 	"housecarl/internal/model"
 )
 
@@ -40,3 +43,26 @@ func TestLimitAndDescribe(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("editList: %v", got)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestMatrixAligned: the grid's columns line up in colour too (the
+// escape codes take no room on screen).
+func TestMatrixAligned(t *testing.T) {
+	st := model.NewState()
+	st.Zones = []*model.Zone{{ID: 1, Name: "lan", Interfaces: []string{"eth1"}}, {ID: 2, Name: "wan", Interfaces: []string{"wan"}, External: true}}
+	st.Rules = []*model.Rule{{ID: 3, Chain: model.ChainForward, Position: 1, Action: model.ActionAccept, Match: model.Match{InZones: []string{"lan"}, Services: []string{"https"}}}}
+	st.Settings.InputPolicy, st.Settings.ForwardPolicy = model.PolicyDrop, model.PolicyDrop
+	var b strings.Builder
+	writeMatrix(&b, matrix.Build(st), true)
+	esc := regexp.MustCompile("\x1b\\[[0-9]+m")
+	lines := strings.Split(esc.ReplaceAllString(b.String(), ""), "\n")
+	col := strings.Index(lines[0], "wan")
+	for _, l := range lines[1:4] {
+		if r := []rune(l); len(r) <= col || r[col-1] != ' ' || r[col] == ' ' {
+			t.Errorf("misaligned at column %d:\n%s", col, strings.Join(lines[:4], "\n"))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(b.String(), "\x1b[33mpartly +1") || !strings.Contains(b.String(), "lan → wan\thttps") {
+		t.Errorf("no partly cell, or no list of what's open:\n%s", b.String())
+	}
+}

cmd/hc/traffic.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
@@ -249,42 +250,112 @@ such as some services or addresses). With FROM and TO (a zone, or
 }
 
 func printMatrix(w io.Writer, m api.Matrix) {
+	writeMatrix(w, m, isTerminal(os.Stdout) && flagOutput == "table")
+}
+
+// writeMatrix writes the grid, in colour on a terminal.
+func writeMatrix(w io.Writer, m api.Matrix, color bool) {
 	cols := append(append([]string{}, m.Zones...), "firewall")
 	cells := map[[2]string]api.MatrixCell{}
 	for _, c := range m.Cells {
 		cells[[2]string{c.From, c.To}] = c
 	}
-	color := isTerminal(os.Stdout) && flagOutput == "table"
-	fmt.Fprint(w, "FROM \\ TO")
-	for _, c := range cols {
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "\t%s", c)
-	}
-	fmt.Fprintln(w)
+	// The grid is padded by hand: tabwriter would count the colours'
+	// escape codes as text, and misalign the columns.
+	grid := [][]string{append([]string{"FROM \\ TO"}, cols...)}
+	kinds := [][]string{make([]string, len(cols)+1)}
+	same := false
 	for _, from := range cols {
-		fmt.Fprint(w, from)
+		row, kind := []string{from}, []string{""}
 		for _, to := range cols {
 			c, ok := cells[[2]string{from, to}]
-			text := "-"
-			if ok {
-				text = map[string]string{"allowed": "allow", "blocked": "block"}[c.Verdict]
-				if n := len(c.Exceptions); n > 0 {
-					text += fmt.Sprintf(" +%d", n)
+			if !ok {
+				row, kind = append(row, "-"), append(kind, "")
+				continue
 			}
-				if color {
-					text = map[string]string{"allowed": "\x1b[32m", "blocked": "\x1b[31m"}[c.Verdict] + text + "\x1b[0m"
+			text := map[string]string{"allowed": "allow", "blocked": "block", "partly": "partly"}[c.Summary]
+			if c.Allowed > 0 {
+				text += fmt.Sprintf(" +%d", c.Allowed)
+			}
+			if c.Blocked > 0 {
+				text += fmt.Sprintf(" -%d", c.Blocked)
+			}
+			if c.SameZone {
+				text += " *"
+				same = true
+			}
+			row, kind = append(row, text), append(kind, c.Summary)
+		}
+		grid, kinds = append(grid, row), append(kinds, kind)
+	}
+	width := make([]int, len(cols)+1)
+	for _, row := range grid {
+		for i, t := range row {
+			width[i] = max(width[i], utf8.RuneCountInString(t))
 		}
 	}
-			fmt.Fprintf(w, "\t%s", text)
+	paint := map[string]string{"allowed": "\x1b[32m", "blocked": "\x1b[31m", "partly": "\x1b[33m"}
+	for r, row := range grid {
+		var b strings.Builder
+		for i, t := range row {
+			pad := strings.Repeat(" ", width[i]-utf8.RuneCountInString(t))
+			if i == len(row)-1 {
+				pad = ""
+			} else {
+				pad += "  "
 			}
-		fmt.Fprintln(w)
+			if p := paint[kinds[r][i]]; color && p != "" {
+				t = p + t + "\x1b[0m"
+			}
+			b.WriteString(t + pad)
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, b.String())
+	}
+	// What the partly open pairs let through.
+	var open [][2]string
+	for _, from := range cols {
+		for _, to := range cols {
+			c, ok := cells[[2]string{from, to}]
+			if !ok || len(c.Open) == 0 || c.SameZone {
+				continue
+			}
+			items := c.Open
+			more := ""
+			if len(items) > 6 {
+				items, more = items[:6], fmt.Sprintf("; %d more", len(c.Open)-6)
+			}
+			open = append(open, [2]string{from + " → " + to, strings.Join(items, "; ") + more})
+		}
+	}
+	if len(open) > 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, "\nLet through for part of the traffic:")
+		for _, o := range open {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "  %s\t%s\n", o[0], o[1])
+		}
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "\nallow, block: every new connection; partly: some are let through, some not.")
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "+N: rules that let part of the traffic through; -N: rules that block part of it. 'hc matrix FROM TO' lists them.")
+	if same {
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, "*: a zone to itself: only traffic routed between its interfaces passes the firewall.")
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintln(w, "\nallow/block: new connections no exception covers; +N: rules deciding for part of the traffic first ('hc matrix FROM TO')")
 }
 
 func printCell(w io.Writer, c api.MatrixCell) {
-	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s → %s (the %s chain), new connections:\n", c.From, c.To, c.Chain)
-	for _, e := range c.Exceptions {
-		fmt.Fprintf(w, "  %s\t%s\t%s\n", e.Verdict, e.What, e.Label)
+	summary := map[string]string{"allowed": "all allowed", "blocked": "all blocked", "partly": "partly allowed"}[c.Summary]
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s → %s (the %s chain), new connections: %s\n", c.From, c.To, c.Chain, summary)
+	if c.Note != "" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "  (%s)\n", c.Note)
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(w, "  %s\tthe rest\t%s\n", c.Verdict, c.DecidedBy)
+	hits := func(h *uint64) string {
+		if h == nil {
+			return "-"
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d", *h)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "  VERDICT\tWHAT\tBY\tHITS")
+	for _, e := range c.Exceptions {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "  %s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n", e.Verdict, e.What, e.Label, hits(e.Hits))
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "  %s\tthe rest\t%s\t%s\n", c.Verdict, c.DecidedBy, hits(c.Hits))
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "\nHits: each rule's packets since housecarld started, in all its traffic (a rule can cover several pairs).")
 }

docs/api.md

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ Creating answers 201, other changes 200.
 | `GET /healthz` | `ok`, `version`, `firewall` (`applied`, `unconfigured`, `fallback`, `missing`), `mode` (`enforcing`, or `shadow`: the ruleset blocks nothing, [shadow.md](shadow.md)), `probation` (changes waiting to be confirmed), `warnings` (codes); HTTP 503 unless `ok`. Without authentication; read at most every five seconds ([operations.md](operations.md#monitoring)) |
 | `GET /status` | `build`, `started`, `mode` (`enforcing` or `shadow`), `shadow_position` (`after` or `before`, in shadow mode), `applied` (the ruleset is in force), `apply_error`, `problems`, `probation`, `interfaces`, `counts` (objects by kind), `other_tables` (other nftables tables, `"inet main"`) |
 | `GET /interfaces` | the machine's interfaces: `name`, `up`, `addresses`, `zone` |
-| `GET /matrix[?changeset=ID]` | the zone matrix: `zones`, `cells` (`from`, `to` (a zone, or `firewall`), `chain`, `verdict` (allowed, blocked), `decided_by`, `rule_id`, `exceptions`: `rule_id`, `chain`, `label`, `verdict` (allowed, blocked, logged, unknown), `what`) ([rules.md](rules.md#the-zone-matrix)) |
+| `GET /matrix[?changeset=ID]` | the zone matrix: `zones`, `cells` (`from`, `to` (a zone, or `firewall`), `chain`, `summary` (allowed, blocked, partly), `verdict` (what the rest gets: allowed, blocked), `decided_by`, `rule_id`, `hits`, `allowed` and `blocked` (exceptions by verdict), `open` (what the allowing exceptions let through, in short), `same_zone` and `note`, `exceptions`: `rule_id`, `chain`, `label`, `verdict` (allowed, blocked, logged, unknown), `what`, `short`, `hits`). `hits` are the rule's or policy's packets since housecarld started, all its traffic (missing: no counter) ([rules.md](rules.md#the-zone-matrix)) |
 | `GET /ruleset[?enforcing=1]` | the nftables ruleset Housecarl builds, as text. In shadow mode it is the shadow ruleset; `enforcing=1` gives the one loaded once shadow mode is off |
 | `GET /counters` | `{"since", "counters": {"r12": {"packets", "bytes"}, ...}}`, by mark ([design.md](design.md#its-own-table-only)); totals since housecarld started |
 | `GET /quotas` | each rule's quota: `rule_id`, `rule`, `quota`, `used` (bytes), `addresses` (`[{"address", "used"}]` for a per-address quota), `last_reset`, `next_reset` |

docs/cli.md

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ by name.
 | `log [-f] [--search TEXT] [--limit N]` | the packets logged by rules and policies ([operations.md](operations.md#the-log)) |
 | `connections [--search TEXT] [--limit N]`, `connections close --search TEXT [-y]` | tracked connections; closing makes the rules check them again ([operations.md](operations.md#connections)); not in shadow mode |
 | `stats [--since 24h]` | traffic per zone, drops, the busiest rules, blocked sources, devices; `stats status`, `stats traffic`, `stats top devices\|blocked\|tried\|quota ID`, `stats rules [--unused]`, `stats connections` ([stats.md](stats.md#the-cli)) |
-| `matrix [FROM TO]` | what the rules do to new connections between zones; with FROM and TO, that pair's rules in order ([rules.md](rules.md#the-zone-matrix)) |
+| `matrix [FROM TO]` | what the rules do to new connections between zones (allow, block or partly), and what is let through; with FROM and TO, that pair's rules in order, with their hits ([rules.md](rules.md#the-zone-matrix)) |
 | `trace [--address A] [--port N] [--protocol P] [--seconds S]` | follow packets through every table's rules ([operations.md](operations.md#tracing)) |
 
 ### zone, set, service

docs/operations.md

@@ -154,7 +154,9 @@ table on its hook, so a drop in any of them wins.
 Every rule, NAT rule, built-in and policy has a counter. `hc rule list`,
 `hc forward list` and the web UI show packets; `hc counters` shows them
 all, with bytes. They count from housecarld's start, and carry across
-changes to the ruleset.
+changes to the ruleset. A deleted object's counter goes with it; an
+import with `--replace` gives every object a new ID, so its counters
+start again. A disabled rule keeps its count for when it is enabled.
 
 ## Quotas
 

docs/rules.md

@@ -279,30 +279,66 @@ chain; from it: output; zone to zone: forward).
 ```
 $ hc matrix
 FROM \ TO  guest         lan           wan         firewall
-guest      block     block     block +1  block +3
-lan        block     block     allow     block +4
-wan        block +2  block +2  block +1  block +3
+guest      block *       block         partly +1   partly +4
+lan        block         block *       allow       partly +4
+wan        partly +1 -1  partly +1 -1  block -1 *  partly +3 -1
 firewall   allow         allow         allow       -
+
+Let through for part of the traffic:
+  guest → wan       http, https
+  guest → firewall  ICMPv6; ping; ssh from admins; dns
+  lan → firewall    ICMPv6; ping; ssh from admins; dns
+  wan → guest       1 port forward
+  wan → lan         1 port forward
+  wan → firewall    ICMPv6; DHCPv6; ssh from admins
+
+allow, block: every new connection; partly: some are let through, some not.
++N: rules that let part of the traffic through; -N: rules that block part of it. 'hc matrix FROM TO' lists them.
+*: a zone to itself: only traffic routed between its interfaces passes the firewall.
 ```
 
 Each cell walks that pair's rules in order, as nftables would, with the
 built-ins that act on new connections (ping from internal zones,
 ICMPv6, the DHCPv6 client, antispoofing, port forwards):
 
-* a rule that applies to the whole pair decides it ("allow", "block");
+* a rule that applies to the whole pair decides it;
 * a rule that applies to part of its traffic (some addresses, services,
-  times, rates, a quota) is an **exception** (+N), and the walk goes on;
+  times, rates, a quota) is an **exception**, and the walk goes on;
 * what's left falls to the deciding rule or the chain's policy.
 
+A cell reads **allow** or **block** when every new connection gets the
+same, and **partly** when exceptions let some through while the rest is
+blocked (or block some while the rest is allowed). **+N** counts the
+exceptions that let traffic through, **-N** those that block it. Under
+the grid (in the web UI, in each cell) is what the exceptions let
+through: their services, with the addresses they are limited to.
+
+A zone to itself (`*`, faded in the web UI) is mostly traffic that never
+reaches the firewall: within one interface's network it goes straight
+from host to host. Only what is routed between the zone's interfaces (or
+back out of the one it came in on) passes.
+
 `hc matrix guest wan` (or clicking the cell) lists the exceptions in
-order:
+order, with each rule's hits:
 
 ```
-guest → wan (the forward chain), new connections:
-  allowed  http, https   rule forward #14
-  blocked  the rest      forward policy
+guest → wan (the forward chain), new connections: partly allowed
+  VERDICT  WHAT         BY                HITS
+  allowed  http, https  rule forward #14  1520
+  blocked  the rest     forward policy    37
 ```
 
+The hits are the rule's packets since housecarld started, in all of its
+traffic: a rule without zones counts for every pair it covers. They are
+how you tell an exception that is used from one that isn't.
+
+A raw rule is read when it is a match followed by `accept`, `drop` or
+`reject` (with `counter` and `log` if you like): it counts as an exception
+for every pair of its chain, shown as `raw: …`. One that matches
+interfaces (the matrix can't tell which zones), jumps, translates, sets
+something or uses a verdict map shows as **unknown**: check it yourself.
+Raw rules have hits only if they say `counter`.
+
 A rule whose addresses all lie in networks directly connected to other
 zones is left out of a pair: traffic between those zones can't have them
 (`from wg_net` doesn't concern traffic coming in on the LAN). Routed

internal/api/types.go

@@ -467,6 +467,26 @@ type MatrixCell struct {
 	DecidedBy  string            `json:"decided_by"`
 	RuleID     int64             `json:"rule_id,omitempty"` // the deciding rule
 	Exceptions []MatrixException `json:"exceptions"`
+	// Summary is the pair at a glance: allowed or blocked when every new
+	// connection gets the same, partly when some are let through and
+	// some not.
+	Summary string `json:"summary"`
+	// Allowed and Blocked count the exceptions that let part of the
+	// traffic through, and that block part of it.
+	Allowed int `json:"allowed"`
+	Blocked int `json:"blocked"`
+	// Open sums up what the allowing exceptions let through, shortest
+	// first in their order: "ssh", "dns", "5 port forwards".
+	Open []string `json:"open"`
+	// SameZone: from a zone to itself. Note says what of that traffic
+	// passes the firewall at all.
+	SameZone bool   `json:"same_zone,omitempty"`
+	Note     string `json:"note,omitempty"`
+	// Hits are the deciding rule's (or policy's) packets, all of its
+	// traffic since housecarld started (nil: no counter).
+	Hits *uint64 `json:"hits,omitempty"`
+	// Marks are the counters behind Hits.
+	Marks []string `json:"-"`
 }
 
 // MatrixException is a rule (or built-in) that decides for part of a
@@ -480,4 +500,12 @@ type MatrixException struct {
 	Verdict string `json:"verdict"`
 	// What it covers: "from trusted · ssh", "Monday 08:00–17:00".
 	What string `json:"what"`
+	// Short is What in a word or two, for the overview: its services,
+	// or else its first condition.
+	Short string `json:"short"`
+	// Hits are its packets, all of its traffic since housecarld started
+	// (a rule may apply to several pairs; nil: no counter).
+	Hits *uint64 `json:"hits,omitempty"`
+	// Marks are the counters behind Hits ("r12", "b-ping", "f3").
+	Marks []string `json:"-"`
 }

internal/matrix/matrix.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ package matrix
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
+	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 
 	"housecarl/internal/api"
@@ -63,6 +64,50 @@ func Cell(st *model.State, o Options, from, to string) (api.MatrixCell, bool) {
 }
 
 func cell(st *model.State, o Options, chain, from, to string) api.MatrixCell {
+	c := walkCell(st, o, chain, from, to)
+	sum(&c)
+	if from == to && chain == model.ChainForward {
+		c.SameZone, c.Note = true, sameZoneNote(st.Zone(from))
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
+// sum fills in the overview: the summary, the exceptions counted by
+// verdict, and what the allowing ones let through.
+func sum(c *api.MatrixCell) {
+	c.Open = []string{}
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, e := range c.Exceptions {
+		switch e.Verdict {
+		case "allowed":
+			c.Allowed++
+			if !seen[e.Short] {
+				seen[e.Short] = true
+				c.Open = append(c.Open, e.Short)
+			}
+		case "blocked":
+			c.Blocked++
+		}
+	}
+	c.Summary = c.Verdict
+	if c.Verdict == "blocked" && c.Allowed > 0 || c.Verdict == "allowed" && c.Blocked > 0 {
+		c.Summary = "partly"
+	}
+}
+
+// sameZoneNote says what of a zone's traffic to itself the firewall sees:
+// only what it routes between the zone's interfaces.
+func sameZoneNote(z *model.Zone) string {
+	if z == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if len(z.Interfaces) == 1 && !strings.HasSuffix(z.Interfaces[0], "*") {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("traffic within %s stays on its own network: it passes the firewall only if routed back out of %s", z.Name, z.Interfaces[0])
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("only traffic routed between %s's interfaces (%s) passes the firewall; within one of them it stays on its own network", z.Name, strings.Join(z.Interfaces, ", "))
+}
+
+func walkCell(st *model.State, o Options, chain, from, to string) api.MatrixCell {
 	c := api.MatrixCell{From: from, To: to, Chain: chain, Exceptions: []api.MatrixException{}}
 	b := st.Settings.Builtins
 	fromZone := st.Zone(from)
@@ -71,7 +116,7 @@ func cell(st *model.State, o Options, chain, from, to string) api.MatrixCell {
 	if chain != model.ChainOutput {
 		if b.Antispoof && external {
 			c.Exceptions = append(c.Exceptions, api.MatrixException{Chain: model.ChainEarly, Label: "built-in: antispoof", Verdict: "blocked",
-				What: "sources that can't come from outside (private ranges, your own prefixes)"})
+				What: "sources that can't come from outside (private ranges, your own prefixes)", Short: "spoofed sources", Marks: []string{"b-antispoof", "b-antispoof6"}})
 		}
 		if decided := walk(st, o, &c, model.ChainEarly, from, ""); decided {
 			return c
@@ -81,22 +126,26 @@ func cell(st *model.State, o Options, chain, from, to string) api.MatrixCell {
 	switch chain {
 	case model.ChainInput:
 		if b.ICMPv6 {
-			c.Exceptions = append(c.Exceptions, api.MatrixException{Chain: chain, Label: "built-in: icmpv6", Verdict: "allowed", What: "ICMPv6 errors, echo, neighbour discovery, MLD"})
+			c.Exceptions = append(c.Exceptions, api.MatrixException{Chain: chain, Label: "built-in: icmpv6", Verdict: "allowed", What: "ICMPv6 errors, echo, neighbour discovery, MLD",
+				Short: "ICMPv6", Marks: []string{"b-icmpv6", "b-icmpv6-nd", "b-icmpv6-mld"}})
 		}
 		if b.PingInternal && !external {
-			c.Exceptions = append(c.Exceptions, api.MatrixException{Chain: chain, Label: "built-in: ping", Verdict: "allowed", What: "ping (ICMP echo)"})
+			c.Exceptions = append(c.Exceptions, api.MatrixException{Chain: chain, Label: "built-in: ping", Verdict: "allowed", What: "ping (ICMP echo)", Short: "ping", Marks: []string{"b-ping"}})
 		}
 		if b.DHCPv6Client && external {
-			c.Exceptions = append(c.Exceptions, api.MatrixException{Chain: chain, Label: "built-in: dhcpv6-client", Verdict: "allowed", What: "DHCPv6 replies to the firewall"})
+			c.Exceptions = append(c.Exceptions, api.MatrixException{Chain: chain, Label: "built-in: dhcpv6-client", Verdict: "allowed", What: "DHCPv6 replies to the firewall",
+				Short: "DHCPv6", Marks: []string{"b-dhcpv6-client"}})
 		}
 	case model.ChainForward:
-		if n := forwards(st); n > 0 && external && !st.Zone(to).External {
+		if marks := forwards(st); len(marks) > 0 && external && !st.Zone(to).External {
+			n := fmt.Sprintf("%d port forward%s", len(marks), map[bool]string{true: "", false: "s"}[len(marks) == 1])
 			c.Exceptions = append(c.Exceptions, api.MatrixException{Chain: chain, Label: "port forwards", Verdict: "allowed",
-				What: fmt.Sprintf("%d port forward%s to inside hosts", n, map[bool]string{true: "", false: "s"}[n == 1])})
+				What: n + " to inside hosts", Short: n, Marks: marks})
 		}
 	case model.ChainOutput:
 		if st.Settings.OutputPolicy == model.PolicyDrop && b.ICMPv6 {
-			c.Exceptions = append(c.Exceptions, api.MatrixException{Chain: chain, Label: "built-in: icmpv6", Verdict: "allowed", What: "ICMPv6 errors, echo, neighbour discovery, MLD"})
+			c.Exceptions = append(c.Exceptions, api.MatrixException{Chain: chain, Label: "built-in: icmpv6", Verdict: "allowed", What: "ICMPv6 errors, echo, neighbour discovery, MLD",
+				Short: "ICMPv6", Marks: []string{"b-icmpv6"}})
 		}
 	}
 	if walk(st, o, &c, chain, from, to) {
@@ -104,17 +153,22 @@ func cell(st *model.State, o Options, chain, from, to string) api.MatrixCell {
 	}
 	policy := map[string]string{model.ChainInput: st.Settings.InputPolicy, model.ChainForward: st.Settings.ForwardPolicy, model.ChainOutput: st.Settings.OutputPolicy}[chain]
 	c.Verdict, c.DecidedBy = verdictOf(policy), chain+" policy"
+	if policy == model.PolicyDrop {
+		c.Marks = []string{"p-" + chain} // only a drop policy is counted
+	}
 	return c
 }
 
-func forwards(st *model.State) int {
-	n := 0
+// forwards returns the counters' marks of the port forwards that send
+// connections inside.
+func forwards(st *model.State) []string {
+	var marks []string
 	for _, f := range st.Forwards {
 		if !f.Disabled && f.To != "" {
-			n++
+			marks = append(marks, fmt.Sprintf("f%d", f.ID))
 		}
 	}
-	return n
+	return marks
 }
 
 // walk goes through a chain's rules for the pair, as nftables checks
@@ -130,8 +184,22 @@ func walk(st *model.State, o Options, c *api.MatrixCell, chain, from, to string)
 		}
 	}
 	for _, r := range rules {
+		mark := []string{fmt.Sprintf("r%d", r.ID)}
 		if r.Raw != "" {
-			c.Exceptions = append(c.Exceptions, api.MatrixException{RuleID: r.ID, Chain: chain, Label: "rule " + r.Label(), Verdict: "unknown", What: "a raw rule: " + r.Raw})
+			rr := readRaw(r.Raw)
+			switch {
+			case !rr.ok:
+				c.Exceptions = append(c.Exceptions, api.MatrixException{RuleID: r.ID, Chain: chain, Label: "rule " + r.Label(), Verdict: "unknown", What: "a raw rule: " + r.Raw,
+					Short: "a raw rule", Marks: mark})
+			case !rr.forNew || chain == model.ChainEarly && rr.verdict == "allowed":
+				// Not for new connections; an early accept decides nothing.
+			case rr.match == "":
+				c.Verdict, c.DecidedBy, c.RuleID, c.Marks = rr.verdict, "rule "+r.Label(), r.ID, mark
+				return true
+			default:
+				c.Exceptions = append(c.Exceptions, api.MatrixException{RuleID: r.ID, Chain: chain, Label: "rule " + r.Label(), Verdict: rr.verdict, What: "raw: " + rr.match,
+					Short: rr.short, Marks: mark})
+			}
 			continue
 		}
 		if !zones(r, from, to) || !forNew(r) {
@@ -151,10 +219,11 @@ func walk(st *model.State, o Options, c *api.MatrixCell, chain, from, to string)
 			if what == "" {
 				what = "everything"
 			}
-			c.Exceptions = append(c.Exceptions, api.MatrixException{RuleID: r.ID, Chain: chain, Label: "rule " + r.Label(), Verdict: v, What: what})
+			c.Exceptions = append(c.Exceptions, api.MatrixException{RuleID: r.ID, Chain: chain, Label: "rule " + r.Label(), Verdict: v, What: what,
+				Short: short(r, what), Marks: mark})
 			continue
 		}
-		c.Verdict, c.DecidedBy, c.RuleID = v, "rule "+r.Label(), r.ID
+		c.Verdict, c.DecidedBy, c.RuleID, c.Marks = v, "rule "+r.Label(), r.ID, mark
 		return true
 	}
 	return false
@@ -265,6 +334,160 @@ func forNew(r *model.Rule) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// raw is what the matrix can read of a raw rule.
+type raw struct {
+	ok      bool   // read: it applies to every pair of its chain
+	forNew  bool   // it can match a new connection
+	verdict string // allowed or blocked
+	match   string // what it matches ("" for everything)
+	short   string
+}
+
+// rawStops are words that make a raw rule's reach or effect unclear to
+// the matrix: interfaces (which zones?), jumps, NAT, changes, verdict maps.
+var rawStops = map[string]bool{
+	"iifname": true, "oifname": true, "iif": true, "oif": true, "iiftype": true, "oiftype": true,
+	"jump": true, "goto": true, "return": true, "vmap": true, "queue": true, "continue": true,
+	"dnat": true, "snat": true, "masquerade": true, "redirect": true, "tproxy": true,
+	"set": true, "notrack": true, "dup": true, "fwd": true, "synproxy": true, "flow": true,
+}
+
+// readRaw reads a raw rule that is a match and then accept, drop or
+// reject: the verdict is the last word (but a reject's "with …"); counter
+// and log only count and log.
+func readRaw(text string) raw {
+	toks := fields(text)
+	for i, t := range toks {
+		if t == "comment" {
+			toks = toks[:i]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	verdict := -1
+	for i, t := range toks {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(t, `"`) {
+			continue
+		}
+		w := strings.Trim(t, ",{}")
+		if rawStops[w] {
+			return raw{}
+		}
+		if w == "accept" || w == "drop" || w == "reject" {
+			verdict = i
+		}
+	}
+	if verdict < 0 || verdict != len(toks)-1 && !(toks[verdict] == "reject" && toks[verdict+1] == "with") {
+		return raw{}
+	}
+	rr := raw{ok: true, forNew: true, verdict: verdictOf(toks[verdict])}
+	var match []string
+	for i := 0; i < verdict; i++ {
+		switch toks[i] {
+		case "counter":
+			continue
+		case "log":
+			// Its options run up to the next match.
+			for i+1 < verdict && map[string]bool{"prefix": true, "level": true, "group": true, "flags": true}[toks[i+1]] {
+				i += 2
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		match = append(match, toks[i])
+	}
+	rr.match = strings.Join(match, " ")
+	// ct state without new: not for new connections. The states are one
+	// word ("established,related") or a set ("{ established, related }").
+	for i := 0; i+2 < len(match); i++ {
+		if match[i] != "ct" || match[i+1] != "state" {
+			continue
+		}
+		list := match[i+2]
+		if list == "{" || strings.HasPrefix(list, "{") {
+			var b []string
+			for j := i + 2; j < len(match); j++ {
+				b = append(b, match[j])
+				if strings.HasSuffix(match[j], "}") {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			list = strings.Join(b, " ")
+		}
+		rr.forNew = false
+		for _, st := range strings.FieldsFunc(list, func(c rune) bool { return c == ',' || c == ' ' || c == '{' || c == '}' }) {
+			rr.forNew = rr.forNew || st == "new"
+		}
+	}
+	rr.short = rr.match
+	if m := icmpRe.FindStringSubmatch(rr.match); m != nil {
+		rr.short = m[1]
+	}
+	if len(rr.short) > 40 {
+		rr.short = rr.short[:39] + "…"
+	}
+	return rr
+}
+
+// fields splits a rule into words, a quoted string being one.
+func fields(s string) []string {
+	var out []string
+	var cur strings.Builder
+	quoted := false
+	for _, c := range s {
+		switch {
+		case c == '"':
+			quoted = !quoted
+			cur.WriteRune(c)
+		case !quoted && (c == ' ' || c == '\t'):
+			if cur.Len() > 0 {
+				out = append(out, cur.String())
+				cur.Reset()
+			}
+		default:
+			cur.WriteRune(c)
+		}
+	}
+	if cur.Len() > 0 {
+		out = append(out, cur.String())
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// icmpRe finds an ICMP type match in a raw rule: shown as just icmp or
+// icmpv6.
+var icmpRe = regexp.MustCompile(`\b(icmpv6|icmp) type\b`)
+
+// short sums up an exception for the overview: its services (ICMP types
+// as just icmp or icmpv6), with the addresses it is limited to, which
+// matter as much ("tcp/22 from trusted"); times and rates are left to
+// the details.
+func short(r *model.Rule, what string) string {
+	var parts []string
+	if len(r.Services) > 0 {
+		var svcs []string
+		seen := map[string]bool{}
+		for _, s := range r.Services {
+			if p, _, ok := strings.Cut(s, "/"); ok && (p == "icmp" || p == "icmpv6") {
+				s = p
+			}
+			if !seen[s] {
+				seen[s] = true
+				svcs = append(svcs, s)
+			}
+		}
+		parts = append(parts, strings.Join(svcs, ", "))
+	}
+	for _, c := range strings.Split(what, " · ") {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(c, "from ") || strings.HasPrefix(c, "to ") {
+			parts = append(parts, c)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(parts) == 0 {
+		first, _, _ := strings.Cut(what, " · ")
+		return first
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, " ")
+}
+
 // conditions says what limits a rule to part of a pair's traffic ("" for
 // none: it decides the pair).
 func conditions(st *model.State, r *model.Rule) string {

internal/matrix/matrix_test.go

@@ -110,3 +110,90 @@ func TestConnected(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("guest → lan: %v", ids(guestLan)) // not "to a guest": it is in guest, not lan
 	}
 }
+
+// TestSummary: each pair at a glance, what its exceptions let through,
+// and the counters behind each line.
+func TestSummary(t *testing.T) {
+	st := state()
+	st.Settings.InputPolicy = model.PolicyDrop
+	m := Build(st)
+	for _, c := range []struct {
+		from, to, summary string
+		allowed, blocked  int
+		open              string
+	}{
+		{"lan", "wan", "allowed", 0, 0, ""},
+		{"guest", "wan", "partly", 1, 0, "http, https"},
+		{"wan", "lan", "partly", 1, 1, "1 port forward"},
+		{"lan", "guest", "blocked", 0, 0, ""},
+		{"lan", Firewall, "partly", 4, 0, "ICMPv6|ping|ssh from admins|dns"},
+	} {
+		got := find(m, c.from, c.to)
+		if got.Summary != c.summary || got.Allowed != c.allowed || got.Blocked != c.blocked || strings.Join(got.Open, "|") != c.open {
+			t.Errorf("%s → %s: %s +%d -%d %q; want %s +%d -%d %q", c.from, c.to, got.Summary, got.Allowed, got.Blocked, got.Open, c.summary, c.allowed, c.blocked, c.open)
+		}
+	}
+	if c := find(m, "lan", "lan"); !c.SameZone || !strings.Contains(c.Note, "out of eth1") {
+		t.Errorf("same zone: %+v", c)
+	}
+	if c := find(m, "lan", "wan"); c.SameZone || c.Note != "" {
+		t.Errorf("not the same zone: %+v", c)
+	}
+	wl := find(m, "wan", "lan")
+	if strings.Join(wl.Exceptions[0].Marks, ",") != "b-antispoof,b-antispoof6" || strings.Join(wl.Exceptions[1].Marks, ",") != "f30" || strings.Join(wl.Marks, ",") != "r15" {
+		t.Errorf("marks: %+v", wl)
+	}
+	icmp := &model.Rule{Match: model.Match{Services: []string{"icmp/echo-request", "icmp/echo-reply", "icmpv6/echo-request", "ssh"}}}
+	if s := short(icmp, "x"); s != "icmp, icmpv6, ssh" {
+		t.Errorf("short: %q", s)
+	}
+	ssh := &model.Rule{Match: model.Match{Sources: []string{"trusted"}, Services: []string{"ssh"}}, Days: []string{"mon"}}
+	if s := short(ssh, conditions(st, ssh)); s != "ssh from trusted" {
+		t.Errorf("short with a source: %q", s)
+	}
+	if s := short(&model.Rule{Days: []string{"mon"}}, "mon"); s != "mon" {
+		t.Errorf("short of a time: %q", s)
+	}
+	if c := find(m, "lan", Firewall); strings.Join(c.Marks, ",") != "p-input" {
+		t.Errorf("a drop policy's mark: %v", c.Marks)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRaw: raw rules that are a match and a verdict are read; others stay
+// unknown.
+func TestRaw(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, c := range []struct {
+		raw, verdict, short string
+		ok, forNew          bool
+	}{
+		{"icmpv6 type { nd-router-solicit, nd-neighbor-advert } ip6 hoplimit 255 accept", "allowed", "icmpv6", true, true},
+		{`tcp dport 22 counter log prefix "ssh: " drop comment "x"`, "blocked", "tcp dport 22", true, true},
+		{"ip saddr 10.0.0.1 reject with icmpx type admin-prohibited", "blocked", "ip saddr 10.0.0.1", true, true},
+		{"ct state established,related accept", "allowed", "ct state established,related", true, false},
+		{"ct state { new, untracked } tcp dport 80 accept", "allowed", "ct state { new, untracked } tcp dport 80", true, true},
+		{"counter accept", "allowed", "", true, true},
+		{`iifname "wan" tcp dport 22 accept`, "", "", false, false},
+		{"tcp dport vmap { 22 : accept }", "", "", false, false},
+		{"meta mark set 1 accept", "", "", false, false},
+		{"tcp dport 22 counter", "", "", false, false},
+	} {
+		rr := readRaw(c.raw)
+		if rr.ok != c.ok || c.ok && (rr.verdict != c.verdict || rr.short != c.short || rr.forNew != c.forNew) {
+			t.Errorf("%q: %+v", c.raw, rr)
+		}
+	}
+	// In a pair: an exception that lets ND in, not "unknown".
+	st := state()
+	st.Rules = append(st.Rules, &model.Rule{ID: 90, Chain: "input", Position: 0.5, Raw: "icmpv6 type { nd-router-solicit } ip6 hoplimit 255 accept"})
+	st.Sort()
+	e := find(Build(st), "wan", Firewall).Exceptions
+	found := false
+	for _, x := range e {
+		if x.RuleID == 90 {
+			found = x.Verdict == "allowed" && x.Short == "icmpv6" && strings.HasPrefix(x.What, "raw: icmpv6 type")
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Errorf("the raw ND rule: %+v", e)
+	}
+}

internal/nft/nft.go

@@ -556,9 +556,39 @@ func (f *Firewall) Apply(ctx context.Context, st *model.State) error {
 			f.base[k] = b
 		}
 	}
+	pruneCounters(f.base, st)
 	return nil
 }
 
+// pruneCounters forgets the totals of objects st no longer has (deleted,
+// or replaced by an import with new IDs), so they aren't listed beside
+// the current ones. A disabled object keeps its totals for when it comes
+// back; built-ins and policies are always kept.
+func pruneCounters(base map[string]Counter, st *model.State) {
+	ids := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, r := range st.Rules {
+		ids[fmt.Sprintf("r%d", r.ID)] = true
+	}
+	for _, x := range st.Forwards {
+		ids[fmt.Sprintf("f%d", x.ID)] = true
+	}
+	for _, x := range st.SNATs {
+		ids[fmt.Sprintf("s%d", x.ID)] = true
+	}
+	for _, x := range st.Redirects {
+		ids[fmt.Sprintf("d%d", x.ID)] = true
+	}
+	for mark := range base {
+		obj, _, _ := strings.Cut(mark, "-") // f3-hairpin, f3-6 are f3's
+		if len(obj) < 2 || !strings.ContainsRune("rfsd", rune(obj[0])) || strings.Trim(obj[1:], "0123456789") != "" {
+			continue // b-established, p-input
+		}
+		if !ids[obj] {
+			delete(base, mark)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // SaveBoot writes the ruleset of st for the boot unit, and the fallback
 // it loads if that fails (FallbackFile), atomically. The boot ruleset has
 // no flowtable: it loads before the network comes up, when its devices

internal/nft/nft_test.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -437,3 +438,26 @@ func TestShadowInContainer(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("the shadow fallback isn't recognised: %+v %v", tb, err)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestPruneCounters: the totals of objects gone (an import with --replace
+// gives every object a new ID) are forgotten; built-ins, policies and
+// disabled objects keep theirs.
+func TestPruneCounters(t *testing.T) {
+	base := map[string]Counter{}
+	for _, m := range []string{"r1", "r2", "r3", "f4", "f4-hairpin", "f4-6", "f5-hairpin", "s6", "d7", "d8", "b-established", "p-input", "fallback-input"} {
+		base[m] = Counter{Packets: 1}
+	}
+	st := model.NewState()
+	st.Rules = []*model.Rule{{ID: 1}, {ID: 3, Disabled: true}}
+	st.Forwards = []*model.PortForward{{ID: 4}}
+	st.Redirects = []*model.Redirect{{ID: 8}}
+	pruneCounters(base, st)
+	var got []string
+	for m := range base {
+		got = append(got, m)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(got)
+	if strings.Join(got, " ") != "b-established d8 f4 f4-6 f4-hairpin fallback-input p-input r1 r3" {
+		t.Errorf("kept %v", got)
+	}
+}

internal/server/h_config.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"housecarl/internal/engine"
 	"housecarl/internal/matrix"
 	"housecarl/internal/model"
+	"housecarl/internal/nft"
 	"housecarl/internal/store"
 )
 
@@ -471,10 +472,39 @@ func (s *Server) zoneMatrix(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p *auth.Prin
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, matrix.Build(st, matrix.Options{Connected: s.connected(st)}))
+	m := matrix.Build(st, matrix.Options{Connected: s.connected(st)})
+	if t, err := s.fw.Table(r.Context()); err == nil {
+		matrixHits(&m, t.Counters)
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, m)
 	return nil
 }
 
+// matrixHits fills in the hits of the matrix's rules, built-ins and
+// policies from the counters.
+func matrixHits(m *api.Matrix, counters map[string]nft.Counter) {
+	hits := func(marks []string) *uint64 {
+		var n uint64
+		found := false
+		for _, mk := range marks {
+			if c, ok := counters[mk]; ok {
+				n, found = n+c.Packets, true
+			}
+		}
+		if !found {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return &n
+	}
+	for i := range m.Cells {
+		c := &m.Cells[i]
+		c.Hits = hits(c.Marks)
+		for j := range c.Exceptions {
+			c.Exceptions[j].Hits = hits(c.Exceptions[j].Marks)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // connected maps the networks on the firewall's interfaces (link-local
 // and loopback aside) to their zones.
 func (s *Server) connected(st *model.State) map[netip.Prefix]string {

internal/server/server_test.go

@@ -891,6 +891,13 @@ func TestMatrixEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
 	if c := cell("lan", "wan"); c.Verdict != "allowed" {
 		t.Errorf("lan → wan with the changeset: %+v", c)
 	}
+	// Hits: summed over an object's counters; none without a counter.
+	hm := api.Matrix{Cells: []api.MatrixCell{{Marks: []string{"p-forward"}, Exceptions: []api.MatrixException{
+		{Marks: []string{"b-antispoof", "b-antispoof6"}}, {Marks: []string{"r9"}}}}}}
+	matrixHits(&hm, map[string]nft.Counter{"p-forward": {Packets: 4}, "b-antispoof": {Packets: 2}, "b-antispoof6": {Packets: 3}})
+	if c := hm.Cells[0]; c.Hits == nil || *c.Hits != 4 || c.Exceptions[0].Hits == nil || *c.Exceptions[0].Hits != 5 || c.Exceptions[1].Hits != nil {
+		t.Errorf("hits: %+v", c)
+	}
 }
 
 // TestHostProblems: an enabled nftables.service, and an imported table

internal/web/static/assets/pages/dashboard.js

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export async function render(el) {
         h("div", { class: "panel-head" }, h("h2", null, "Busiest rules"), h("a", { class: "button small", href: "#/rules" }, "All rules")),
         table([
           { label: "Chain", render: (r) => r.chain },
-          { label: "Rule", render: (r) => r.raw || describe(r) },
+          { label: "Rule", render: (r) => h("a", { href: "#/rules?chain=" + r.chain + "&rule=" + r.id }, "#" + r.id + " ", r.raw || describe(r)) },
           { label: "Action", render: (r) => badge(r.action, { accept: "ok", drop: "err", reject: "warn" }[r.action]) },
           { label: "Hits", render: (r) => hits(cs, "r" + r.id) },
           { label: "Comment", render: (r) => r.comment },

internal/web/static/assets/pages/log.js

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export async function render(el, params, query) {
       h("thead", null, h("tr", null, ["Time", "Why", "In", "Out", "From", "To", "Protocol"].map((t) => h("th", null, t)))),
       h("tbody", null, es.map((e) => h("tr", null,
         h("td", { class: "mono small" }, new Date(e.time).toLocaleTimeString(undefined, { hourCycle: "h23" })),
-        h("td", null, e.mark && e.mark.startsWith("r") ? h("a", { href: "#/rules", title: "rule " + e.mark.slice(1) }, e.prefix) : e.prefix,
+        h("td", null, e.mark && e.mark.startsWith("r") ? h("a", { href: "#/rules?rule=" + e.mark.slice(1), title: "rule #" + e.mark.slice(1) }, e.prefix) : e.prefix,
           e.shadow && /^(drop|reject)$/.test(e.verdict) ? [" ", badge("would " + e.verdict, "warn")] : null),
         h("td", { class: "mono" }, e.in || ""), h("td", { class: "mono" }, e.out || ""),
         h("td", { class: "mono" }, addr(e.source, e.source_port)), h("td", { class: "mono" }, addr(e.destination, e.destination_port)),

internal/web/static/assets/pages/matrix.js

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export async function render(el) {
   const name = (z) => z === "firewall" ? h("em", null, "firewall") : z;
   mount(el,
     h("div", { class: "page-head" }, h("div", { class: "grow" }, h("h1", null, "Zone matrix"),
-      h("div", { class: "muted" }, "What happens to a new connection from a zone (rows) to a zone (columns), or to and from the firewall itself, worked out from the rules in order: allowed or blocked, and how many rules decide for part of the traffic first (some services, addresses, times). Click a cell for the rules."))),
+      h("div", { class: "muted" }, "What happens to a new connection from a zone (rows) to a zone (columns), or to and from the firewall itself, worked out from the rules in order: all allowed, all blocked, or partly (some services, addresses or times let through, the rest not). Click a cell for the rules."))),
     pending ? h("div", { class: "msg info" }, "Shown with your pending changes.") : null,
     !m.zones.length ? h("div", { class: "panel" }, h("div", { class: "empty" }, "No zones yet: add them under Objects → Zones.")) :
     h("div", { class: "panel" }, h("div", { class: "table-wrap" }, h("table", { class: "matrix" },
@@ -19,20 +19,32 @@ export async function render(el) {
       h("tbody", null, cols.map((from) => h("tr", null, h("th", null, name(from)), cols.map((to) => {
         const c = cells.get(from + "\u0000" + to);
         if (!c) return h("td", { class: "matrix-none" }, "–");
-        const n = c.exceptions.length;
-        return h("td", { class: "matrix-" + c.verdict + (n ? " matrix-some" : ""), title: c.verdict + " by " + c.decided_by + (n ? ", " + n + " exception" + (n === 1 ? "" : "s") + " first" : "") },
-          h("button", { type: "button", class: "matrix-cell", onclick: () => detail(c) }, c.verdict, n ? h("span", { class: "matrix-n" }, "+" + n) : null));
+        const open = c.open || [];
+        const counts = [c.allowed ? "+" + c.allowed : "", c.blocked ? "−" + c.blocked : ""].filter(Boolean).join(" ");
+        const title = (c.same_zone ? c.note + ". " : "") + "The rest: " + c.verdict + " by " + c.decided_by +
+          (c.allowed ? "; " + c.allowed + " rule(s) let part of it through" : "") + (c.blocked ? "; " + c.blocked + " block part of it" : "");
+        return h("td", { class: "matrix-" + c.summary + (c.same_zone ? " matrix-same" : ""), title },
+          h("button", { type: "button", class: "matrix-cell", onclick: () => detail(c) },
+            c.summary === "partly" ? "partly" : c.verdict, counts ? h("span", { class: "matrix-n" }, counts) : null,
+            open.length && !c.same_zone ? h("span", { class: "matrix-open" }, open.slice(0, 3).join(" · ") + (open.length > 3 ? " · +" + (open.length - 3) + " more" : "")) : null));
       })))))),
-      h("p", { class: "muted small" }, "Zone to zone is the forward chain; to the firewall, input; from it, output. Exceptions are rules (and built-ins such as ping or port forwards) that decide for some of the traffic before the rest falls to the deciding rule or the policy. Replies and established connections aren't shown: the built-in lets those through.")));
+      h("p", { class: "muted small" }, "Zone to zone is the forward chain; to the firewall, input; from it, output. +N: rules (and built-ins such as ping or port forwards) that let part of the traffic through before the rest falls to the deciding rule or the policy; −N: those that block part of it. Under each cell, what is let through. A zone to itself (faded): only traffic routed between its interfaces passes the firewall. Replies and established connections aren't shown: the built-in lets those through.")));
 }
 
 function detail(c) {
-  const ruleLink = (id, chain, label) => id ? h("a", { href: "#/rules?chain=" + chain, onclick: () => document.querySelector(".modal-back") && document.querySelector(".modal-back").remove() }, label) : label;
+  const ruleLink = (id, chain, label) => id ? h("a", { href: "#/rules?chain=" + chain + "&rule=" + id, onclick: () => document.querySelector(".modal-back") && document.querySelector(".modal-back").remove() }, label) : label;
   const v = (verdict) => badge(verdict, { allowed: "ok", blocked: "err", logged: "", unknown: "warn" }[verdict]);
+  const hits = (n) => h("td", { class: "small num" }, n === undefined || n === null ? "–" : n.toLocaleString());
+  const summary = { allowed: "all allowed", blocked: "all blocked", partly: "partly allowed" }[c.summary];
   modal(c.from + " → " + c.to, h("div", null,
-    h("p", { class: "muted" }, "New connections, checked in this order (the " + c.chain + " chain):"),
-    h("div", { class: "table-wrap" }, h("table", null, h("tbody", null,
-      c.exceptions.map((e) => h("tr", null, h("td", null, v(e.verdict)), h("td", null, e.what), h("td", { class: "small" }, ruleLink(e.rule_id, e.chain, e.label)))),
+    h("p", null, h("strong", null, summary), h("span", { class: "muted" }, " · new connections, checked in this order (the " + c.chain + " chain):")),
+    c.note ? h("div", { class: "msg info" }, c.note[0].toUpperCase() + c.note.slice(1) + ".") : null,
+    h("div", { class: "table-wrap" }, h("table", null,
+      h("thead", null, h("tr", null, h("th", null, ""), h("th", null, "What"), h("th", null, "By"), h("th", { class: "num" }, "Hits"))),
+      h("tbody", null,
+        c.exceptions.map((e) => h("tr", null, h("td", null, v(e.verdict)), h("td", null, e.what), h("td", { class: "small" }, ruleLink(e.rule_id, e.chain, e.label)), hits(e.hits))),
         h("tr", { class: "matrix-rest" }, h("td", null, v(c.verdict)), h("td", null, h("strong", null, c.exceptions.length ? "the rest" : "everything")),
-        h("td", { class: "small" }, ruleLink(c.rule_id, c.chain, c.decided_by))))))), [{ label: "Close", value: null }], { wide: true });
+          h("td", { class: "small" }, ruleLink(c.rule_id, c.chain, c.decided_by)), hits(c.hits))))),
+    h("p", { class: "muted small" }, "Hits: each rule's packets since housecarld started, in all its traffic: a rule can cover several pairs.")),
+    [{ label: "Close", value: null }], { wide: true });
 }

internal/web/static/assets/pages/rules.js

@@ -24,7 +24,14 @@ const builtins = {
 };
 
 export async function render(el, params, query) {
-  const chain = query.get("chain") || "input";
+  // ?rule=ID (from the matrix, the log, the tracer, statistics): show
+  // that rule, in its chain, highlighted.
+  const target = Number(query.get("rule")) || 0;
+  let chain = query.get("chain");
+  if (!chain && target) {
+    try { chain = (await get("/rules/" + target)).chain; } catch { /* gone: the default chain */ }
+  }
+  chain = chain || "input";
   const [all, settings, cs, qs] = await Promise.all([get("/rules", { chain }), get("/settings"), counters(), quotas()]);
   // As nftables checks them: the rules that count traffic first.
   const rules = [...all.filter(everyPacket), ...all.filter((r) => !everyPacket(r))];
@@ -40,7 +47,8 @@ export async function render(el, params, query) {
     h("div", { class: "panel" },
       builtinsRow(chain, settings, cs),
       table([
-        { label: "#", render: (r) => r.pending === "deleted" ? "" : String(live(rules).indexOf(r) + 1) },
+        { label: "Order", render: (r) => r.pending === "deleted" ? "" : String(live(rules).indexOf(r) + 1) },
+        { label: "ID", render: (r) => r.id ? h("span", { class: "muted mono small" }, "#" + r.id) : "" },
         { label: "Match", render: (r) => r.raw ? [badge("raw", ""), " ", h("span", { class: "mono small" }, r.raw)]
           : [everyPacket(r) ? [badge("every packet", "accent"), " "] : null, describe(r), extras(r, qs[r.id])] },
         { label: "Action", render: actionBadge },
@@ -59,10 +67,15 @@ export async function render(el, params, query) {
           h("button", { class: "small reveal", onclick: () => del(r) }, "Delete"),
         ];
         } } : null,
-      ].filter(Boolean), rules, { empty: "No rules in this chain yet.", rowClass }),
+      ].filter(Boolean), rules, { empty: "No rules in this chain yet.", rowClass: (r) => rowClass(r) + (target && r.id === target ? " row-target" : "") }),
       rules.some(everyPacket) ? h("div", { class: "muted small" }, "Rules marked “every packet” are checked before established connections are accepted: they see all of a connection's traffic, not only its first packet, so a quota counts all of it and a block stops connections already open. They can drop, reject or log, not accept.") : null,
       h("div", { class: "policy small" }, "Then the policy: ", badge(policy, policy === "drop" ? "err" : "ok"),
         policy === "drop" ? [" — ", hits(cs, "p-" + chain), " packets reached it"] : null)));
+  if (target) {
+    const row = el.querySelector("tr.row-target");
+    if (row) requestAnimationFrame(() => row.scrollIntoView({ block: "center" }));
+    else el.querySelector(".tabs").after(h("div", { class: "msg warn" }, "There is no rule #" + target + " (any more)."));
+  }
 }
 
 // everyPacket: checked before established connections are accepted (as

internal/web/static/assets/pages/stats.js

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ function rangeRow(since) {
 // ruleHref: a counter's mark to its page ("r12" → the rules, "b-…" → the
 // built-ins under Settings).
 function ruleHref(mark) {
-  if (/^r\d/.test(mark)) return "#/rules";
+  if (/^r\d+$/.test(mark)) return "#/rules?rule=" + mark.slice(1);
   if (mark.startsWith("b-") || mark.startsWith("p-")) return "#/settings";
   if (mark.startsWith("f")) return "#/nat";
   return null;

internal/web/static/assets/pages/trace.js

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ export async function render(el, params, query) {
         h("strong", null, p.would_drop.label || [p.would_drop.chain, p.would_drop.mark].filter(Boolean).join(" "))) : null,
       h("table", { class: "trace-steps" }, h("tbody", null, p.steps.map((s) => h("tr", { class: /^(drop|reject)/.test(s.verdict) || /\[would (drop|reject)\]/.test(s.rule || "") ? "step-drop" : s.verdict === "accept" ? "step-accept" : "" },
         h("td", { class: "muted small" }, s.table + " " + s.chain),
-        h("td", null, s.label ? (s.mark && s.mark.startsWith("r") ? h("a", { href: "#/rules?chain=" + s.chain }, s.label) : s.label)
+        h("td", null, s.label ? (s.mark && s.mark.startsWith("r") ? h("a", { href: "#/rules?chain=" + s.chain + "&rule=" + s.mark.slice(1).split("-")[0] }, s.label) : s.label)
           : s.kind === "policy" ? s.chain + " policy" : h("span", { class: "mono small" }, s.rule)),
         h("td", { class: "small" }, s.verdict))))));
   }

internal/web/static/assets/style.css

@@ -425,10 +425,18 @@ table.matrix th, table.matrix td { text-align: center; }
 table.matrix tbody th { text-align: left; }
 table.matrix th.corner { font-weight: 400; color: var(--muted); text-transform: none; }
 table.matrix td { padding: 4px; }
-.matrix-cell { width: 100%; min-width: 7em; border: 0; background: transparent; color: inherit; font-weight: 600; padding: 6px 8px; cursor: pointer; }
+table.matrix { table-layout: fixed; width: 100%; min-width: 640px; }
+table.matrix thead th:first-child, table.matrix tbody th { width: 8em; }
+.matrix-cell { display: block; width: 100%; min-width: 7em; border: 0; background: transparent; color: inherit; font-weight: 600; padding: 6px 8px; cursor: pointer; white-space: normal; text-align: center; }
 td.matrix-allowed { background: var(--add); color: var(--add-text); }
 td.matrix-blocked { background: var(--del); color: var(--del-text); }
-.matrix-n { margin-left: 6px; font-weight: 400; font-size: 12px; color: var(--warn); }
+.matrix-n { margin-left: 6px; font-weight: 400; font-size: 12px; }
+td.matrix-partly { background: var(--warn-soft); color: var(--text); }
+td.matrix-same { opacity: 0.55; }
+/* The rule a link pointed at (?rule=ID). */
+tr.row-target td { background: var(--accent-soft); font-weight: 600; }
+tr.row-target td:first-child { box-shadow: inset 3px 0 0 var(--accent); }
+.matrix-open { display: block; font-weight: 400; font-size: 12px; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 2px; }
 td.matrix-none { color: var(--muted); }
 tr.matrix-rest td { border-top: 2px solid var(--border); }
 

scripts/e2e.sh

@@ -334,13 +334,17 @@ run "the quota rule goes" 0 H rule delete -y "$QR"
 
 run "the matrix" 0 H matrix
 contains "^firewall  *allow"
+contains "^dhcp  *partly +[0-9]"
+contains "dhcp → wan  *.*from trusted_ips"
 run "LAN to the internet" 0 H matrix dhcp wan
-contains "allowed  *from trusted_ips  *rule forward #[0-9]* (Forward from trusted IPs)"
-contains "blocked  *the rest  *forward policy"
+contains "new connections: partly allowed"
+contains "allowed  *from trusted_ips  *rule forward #[0-9]* (Forward from trusted IPs)  *[0-9]"
+contains "blocked  *the rest  *forward policy  *[0-9]"
 not_contains "wg0_net"
 run "the internet to the firewall" 0 H matrix wan firewall
 contains "blocked  *sources that can't come from outside"
 contains "allowed  *udp/51820"
+contains "allowed  *raw: icmpv6 type"
 
 # ---- statistics (sampled every 3 seconds here)