Encrypted DNS: test with BIND's dig, not kdig or curl's JSON API

The client hints and docs tested DoT with kdig (Knot's, often not installed) and DoH with curl's application/dns-json, which named's DoH doesn't speak (RFC 8484 wire format only). They use dig +tls / dig +https with +tls-ca and +tls-hostname now, with the port when it isn't the default.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -95,6 +95,9 @@ All notable changes to Jarl are documented here. The format follows
 
 ### Fixed
 
+- Encrypted DNS: the client hints tested with kdig (Knot's, often not
+  installed) and with curl's JSON API, which named's DoH doesn't speak;
+  they use BIND's `dig +tls` / `dig +https` now.
 - Server options → Added by Jarl: long statements didn't wrap, and the
   browser console reported a Content Security Policy violation (an inline
   style the page's policy blocks).

docs/encrypted-dns.md

@@ -111,14 +111,21 @@ For DoH clients:   https://dns.adbraun.lol/dns-query
 | Chrome, Edge | Settings → Privacy and security → Security → Use secure DNS → custom: the DoH URL |
 | Windows 11 | Settings → Network → your connection → DNS server assignment → Edit: the server's address, DNS over HTTPS on (manual template), the DoH URL |
 
-Test from a machine on your network:
+Test from a machine on your network, with BIND's own `dig` (9.18 or
+later; `bind9-dnsutils` on Debian):
 
 ```sh
-kdig +tls-ca +tls-host=dns.adbraun.lol @10.0.10.5 example.com
-dig +https @10.0.10.5 example.com
-curl -s -H 'accept: application/dns-json' 'https://dns.adbraun.lol/dns-query?name=example.com'
+dig +tls +tls-ca +tls-hostname=dns.adbraun.lol @10.0.10.5 example.com     # DoT, port 853
+dig +https +tls-ca +tls-hostname=dns.adbraun.lol @10.0.10.5 example.com   # DoH, port 443, /dns-query
 ```
 
+`+tls-ca` checks the certificate against the system's CAs and
+`+tls-hostname` against the host name, as clients do; add `-p PORT` for
+another port. Without `+tls-ca` the query is still encrypted, but the
+certificate isn't checked. named's DoH speaks the standard wire format
+(RFC 8484), not the JSON API some public resolvers also offer, so
+`curl ... accept: application/dns-json` doesn't work against it.
+
 **Android away from home.** Private DNS in hostname mode applies on every
 network. Away from home, your server can't be reached, and Android then
 resolves nothing at all ("Private DNS server cannot be accessed"). Use a

internal/web/static/assets/pages/encdns.js

@@ -35,13 +35,15 @@ function statusPanel(s) {
   ];
   const addr = (s.dot[0] || s.doh[0] || {}).address || "ADDRESS";
   const dotPortArg = s.dot[0] && s.dot[0].port !== 853 ? " -p " + s.dot[0].port : "";
+  const dohPortArg = s.doh[0] && s.doh[0].port !== 443 ? " -p " + s.doh[0].port : "";
   const clients = [];
   if (s.dot_host) {
     clients.push(h("h3", null, "DNS over TLS"), copyBox(s.dot_host),
       h("ul", { class: "small" },
         h("li", null, h("strong", null, "Android: "), "Settings → Network → Private DNS → hostname: ", h("code", null, s.hostname), ". Away from home Android can't reach this server and then resolves nothing, so use a VPN home (WireGuard) or switch Private DNS to Automatic when you leave."),
         h("li", null, h("strong", null, "Linux (systemd-resolved): "), h("code", null, "DNS=" + addr + "#" + s.hostname), " and ", h("code", null, "DNSOverTLS=yes"), " in /etc/systemd/resolved.conf (", h("code", null, "opportunistic"), " falls back to plain DNS away from home)."),
-        h("li", null, h("strong", null, "Test: "), h("code", null, "kdig +tls-ca +tls-host=" + s.hostname + dotPortArg + " @" + addr + " example.com"))));
+        h("li", null, h("strong", null, "Test: "), h("code", null, "dig +tls +tls-ca +tls-hostname=" + s.hostname + dotPortArg + " @" + addr + " example.com"),
+          " (BIND's dig; +tls-ca checks the certificate against the system's CAs)")));
   }
   if (s.doh_url) {
     clients.push(h("h3", null, "DNS over HTTPS"), copyBox(s.doh_url),
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ function statusPanel(s) {
         h("li", null, h("strong", null, "Firefox: "), "Settings → Privacy & Security → DNS over HTTPS → Increased protection (falls back to normal DNS) → Custom: the URL above."),
         h("li", null, h("strong", null, "Chrome, Edge: "), "Settings → Privacy and security → Security → Use secure DNS → custom: the URL above."),
         h("li", null, h("strong", null, "Windows 11: "), "Settings → Network → your connection → DNS server assignment → Edit: " + addr + ", DNS over HTTPS on (manual template), the URL above."),
-        h("li", null, h("strong", null, "Test: "), h("code", null, "curl -s -H 'accept: application/dns-json' '" + s.doh_url + "?name=example.com'"), " (or ", h("code", null, "dig +https @" + addr + " example.com"), ")")));
+        h("li", null, h("strong", null, "Test: "), h("code", null, "dig +https +tls-ca +tls-hostname=" + s.hostname + dohPortArg + " @" + addr + " example.com"))));
   }
   return [
     h("div", { class: "panel" }, h("h2", null, "Set up ", badge("on", "ok")), h("dl", { class: "kv" }, rows)),