Let jarld recognize this host's addresses under systemd

The unit's RestrictAddressFamilies lacked AF_NETLINK, which listing the host's addresses needs, so the name server checks didn't know this server's own addresses: the Name servers tab queried them like another server's, and the delegation check didn't sign them with the view key. Allow AF_NETLINK, and fall back to /proc/net without it. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Release 0.4.0-rc.3
2026-10-11 18:35:06 +01:00 · 2026-10-11 18:19:56 +01:00 · 2026-10-11 18:19:10 +01:00 · 2026-10-11 18:12:56 +01:00 · 2026-10-11 18:03:05 +01:00 · 2026-10-11 17:06:22 +01:00
79 changed files with 2393 additions and 208 deletions
@@ -8,6 +8,27 @@ All notable changes to Jarl are documented here. The format follows

 ### Added

+- View keys: every view gets a TSIG key, `jarl-view-NAME`, at the front of
+  its match-clients, so a query signed with it lands in that view from any
+  address. Jarl signs its delegation check's queries to this server's own
+  addresses with the key of the zone's view: before, they got whichever
+  view matched the server's own address (usually internal), so the check
+  could report the wrong serial for the external view. `jarl view key
+  VIEW` shows a key, for `dig -k` (docs/views.md). The first apply after
+  upgrading adds the keys to named.conf and keys.conf.
+- Server statistics: named's memory (resident, and its own count) and
+  CPU use, its cache size, sockets, and recursive and TCP clients against
+  their limits; the host's memory and load; free space where zone files,
+  logs and Jarl's data are. Memory and CPU are kept over time like the
+  other statistics. Statistics page → Server, `jarl stats server`, API
+  `/stats/server`. Read from named's statistics channel, `rndc status` and
+  /proc, with no extra privileges.
+- CLI: the record commands that change records take several views,
+  `--view internal,external`, or `--view all`, and make the change in each,
+  as one changeset (all views or none).
+- Blocking can be paused until resumed, like Pi-hole's "indefinitely":
+  `jarl block pause indefinitely`, **Until I resume** on the Blocking page,
+  `{"indefinitely": true}` in the API.
 - Disabled zones: a zone can be disabled instead of deleted. named stops
  loading it (its zone statement is left out of named.conf), while Jarl
  keeps it with its records, options and history, still editable;
@@ -48,6 +69,38 @@ All notable changes to Jarl are documented here. The format follows

 ### Changed

+- Web UI: each view has its own page, like a zone: Settings (match lists,
+  comment, colour), Options and Zones tabs (with **New zone in VIEW**),
+  and Delete. The Views page lists them in order, with the arrows that
+  reorder them; view links everywhere open the view's page.
+- Web UI: A and AAAA records have a **+ CNAME** button that fills in the
+  add form with a CNAME pointing to the record's name, leaving only the
+  alias's name to type.
+- Options are kept in one fixed order, in named.conf, the web UI and the
+  CLI: grouped by topic (files, listening, access control, recursion and
+  forwarding, DNSSEC, transfers and notify, then the rest), alphabetical
+  within a group. The same option is now in the same place in every view
+  and zone. The first apply after upgrading reorders named.conf (a diff
+  that only moves lines). Top-level statements keep their order.
+- Options that end in a list (`allow-transfer`, `forwarders`,
+  `listen-on`, ...) can be given without their braces, in the web UI, CLI
+  and API: `10.0.10.53; key xfer` becomes `{ 10.0.10.53; key xfer; }`.
+  Before, only some server options (those edited one element per line)
+  added them.
+- The dashboard's configuration checks include named-checkconf's own
+  warnings about the running configuration (such as `both "recursion no;"
+  and "allow-recursion" active`), which before only showed while applying.
+  The CLI now prints them after an apply too.
+- Statistics page: cards and tiles fill their rows instead of leaving one
+  alone beside an empty space, and the queries and failed answers charts
+  have the same margins, so their time axes line up.
+- Dashboard: options have their own tile; "0 TSIG keys · 22 options" read
+  as if the options belonged to the keys.
+- Web UI times use the 24-hour clock.
+- Diffs of named.conf say which block each change is in, after the `@@`
+  line numbers (`@@ -50,6 +49,8 @@ view "internal" {`), like git does
+  with function names. Moving an option from the server's options into a
+  view no longer looks like two unrelated edits.
 - Web UI options (server, top-level, view and zone): values with blocks,
  such as logging, are shown and edited laid out as in named.conf, over
  several lines with indentation. The editor grows with its content, Tab
@@ -66,6 +119,15 @@ All notable changes to Jarl are documented here. The format follows

 ### Fixed

+- Under the shipped systemd unit, jarld couldn't list the host's
+  addresses (it needs a netlink socket, which `RestrictAddressFamilies`
+  didn't allow), so the name server checks didn't recognize this server's
+  own addresses. The Name servers tab then queried them like another
+  server's, and the delegation check didn't sign those queries with the
+  view's key: with views, both got the view matching the server's own
+  address (usually internal) and reported a wrong serial. The unit now
+  allows `AF_NETLINK`, and without it jarld reads the addresses from
+  /proc.
 - Statistics: after a reconfig that added, removed or recreated views
  (creating the first view, for instance), a minute could count everything
  since named started: millions of queries in an hour. A per-view counter
@@ -172,8 +172,8 @@ review step.
 ## Status

 Version 0.3.0 is the current release, and 0.4.0 is in testing
-(0.4.0-rc.2): it adds blocking (blocklists and your own rules, like
-Pi-hole, done by named) and disabling zones. 0.3.0 added disabled records, script-friendly
+(0.4.0-rc.3): it adds blocking (blocklists and your own rules, like
+Pi-hole, done by named), disabling zones, server statistics and view keys. 0.3.0 added disabled records, script-friendly
 CLI output and client names in the statistics, on top of 0.2.0's DNSSEC
 signing, Porkbun support, two-factor login and view colours. Jarl is feature-complete for one server's configuration.
 Managing several servers from one jarld and dynamic updates are not
@@ -1 +1 @@
-0.4.0-rc.2
+0.4.0-rc.3
@@ -405,23 +405,40 @@ names below it (docs/blocking.md).`}
 	}

 	pause := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "pause [DURATION]",
-		Short: "Let every name through for a while (default 10m, at most 24h)",
+		Use:   "pause [DURATION | indefinitely]",
+		Short: "Let every name through for a while (default 10m, at most 24h) or until resumed",
 		Long: `Pause blocking: every name is answered normally until the time is up,
 then blocking resumes by itself. Useful to see whether blocking is what
 breaks a site. The lists stay loaded, so pausing and resuming take effect
-at once.
+at once. "indefinitely" pauses until 'jarl block resume'.

  jarl block pause          # 10 minutes
  jarl block pause 1h
+  jarl block pause indefinitely
  jarl block resume`,
-		Args: cobra.MaximumNArgs(1),
+		Args:      cobra.MaximumNArgs(1),
+		ValidArgs: []string{"indefinitely", "5m", "10m", "30m", "1h", "24h"},
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			if len(args) == 1 && args[0] == "indefinitely" {
+				c, err := newClient()
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				resp, err := c.Mutate(ctx(), "POST", "/blocking/pause", nil, map[string]any{"indefinitely": true})
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				if err := report(resp); err != nil || flagQuiet || !resp.Applied {
+					return err
+				}
+				fmt.Println("Blocking is paused until you resume it ('jarl block resume').")
+				return nil
+			}
 			d := 10 * time.Minute
 			if len(args) == 1 {
 				var err error
 				if d, err = time.ParseDuration(args[0]); err != nil || d < time.Minute {
-					return fmt.Errorf("invalid duration %q (like 10m or 2h)", args[0])
+					return fmt.Errorf("invalid duration %q (like 10m or 2h, or indefinitely)", args[0])
 				}
 			}
 			c, err := newClient()
@@ -465,9 +482,16 @@ func pausedNote(c interface {
 	Get(context.Context, string, url.Values, any) error
 }) string {
 	var st struct {
-		PausedUntil *time.Time `json:"paused_until"`
+		PausedUntil        *time.Time `json:"paused_until"`
+		PausedIndefinitely bool       `json:"paused_indefinitely"`
 	}
-	if c.Get(ctx(), "/blocking/status", nil, &st) != nil || st.PausedUntil == nil {
+	if c.Get(ctx(), "/blocking/status", nil, &st) != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if st.PausedIndefinitely {
+		return "Blocking is paused until you resume it ('jarl block resume').\n"
+	}
+	if st.PausedUntil == nil {
 		return ""
 	}
 	return "Blocking is paused until " + st.PausedUntil.Local().Format("2006-01-02 15:04") + " ('jarl block resume' ends it).\n"
@@ -201,7 +201,45 @@ func viewCmd() *cobra.Command {
 			return nil
 		},
 	}
-	cmd.AddCommand(list, create, update, del, order, color)
+	var keyNamed bool
+	key := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "key VIEW",
+		Short: "Show the TSIG key that selects a view, to query it from anywhere",
+		Long: `Every view has a TSIG key (jarl-view-NAME) at the front of its
+match-clients: a query signed with it lands in that view, whatever address
+it comes from. Jarl signs its own checks of this server with it; use it to
+see what a view answers:
+
+  jarl view key external                       # shows a ready dig -y command
+  jarl view key external --named-conf > external.key
+  dig -k external.key @SERVER adbraun.lol SOA
+
+Showing it needs tsig:write and is recorded in the audit log.`,
+		Args: cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			c, err := newClient()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			var k struct {
+				Name      string `json:"name"`
+				Algorithm string `json:"algorithm"`
+				Secret    string `json:"secret"`
+			}
+			if err := c.Get(ctx(), "/views/"+url.PathEscape(args[0])+"/key", nil, &k); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if keyNamed {
+				fmt.Printf("key %q {\n\talgorithm %s;\n\tsecret %q;\n};\n", k.Name, k.Algorithm, k.Secret)
+				return nil
+			}
+			return output(k, func(w io.Writer) {
+				fmt.Fprintf(w, "Key:\t%s\nAlgorithm:\t%s\nSecret:\t%s\ndig:\tdig -y %s:%s:%s @SERVER NAME\n", k.Name, k.Algorithm, k.Secret, k.Algorithm, k.Name, k.Secret)
+			})
+		},
+	}
+	key.Flags().BoolVar(&keyNamed, "named-conf", false, "print a key statement (for dig -k FILE)")
+	cmd.AddCommand(list, create, update, del, order, color, key)
 	return cmd
 }

@@ -530,6 +530,18 @@ func report(resp *api.MutationResponse) error {
 		json.Unmarshal(resp.Problems, &introduced)
 	}
 	printProblems(os.Stderr, introduced)
+	// named-checkconf's own warnings about the new configuration.
+	if r != nil && (resp.Applied || resp.DryRun) {
+		for _, m := range r.Check {
+			if !m.Error && !strings.HasPrefix(m.Text, "loaded serial") && m.Text != "OK" {
+				where := ""
+				if m.Object != "" {
+					where = " (" + m.Object + ")"
+				}
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "warning: named-checkconf: %s%s\n", m.Text, where)
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	for _, warn := range resp.Warnings {
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "warning:", warn)
 	}
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"jarl/internal/api"
+	"jarl/internal/client"
+)
+
+// zoneViews expands a --view value for a record command: "" or one view
+// as it is, "a,b" to those views, and "all" to every view that has the
+// zone.
+func zoneViews(c *client.Client, zone, view string) ([]string, error) {
+	if view != "all" && !strings.Contains(view, ",") {
+		return []string{view}, nil
+	}
+	if view != "all" {
+		var out []string
+		for _, v := range strings.Split(view, ",") {
+			if v = strings.TrimSpace(v); v != "" {
+				out = append(out, v)
+			}
+		}
+		return out, nil
+	}
+	var zones []api.Zone
+	if err := c.Get(ctx(), "/zones", nil, &zones); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	want := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSuffix(zone, "."))
+	var out []string
+	for _, z := range zones {
+		if strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSuffix(z.Display, ".")) == want && z.View != "" {
+			out = append(out, z.View)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(out) == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("zone %s is in no view", zone)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// perView runs a record command once per view. With several views, the
+// changes are staged into one changeset and applied together, so either
+// every view gets the change or none does (with --changeset, they are
+// staged there).
+//
+// do returns the server's response, or nil when there was nothing to do.
+func perView(c *client.Client, views []string, description string, do func(c *client.Client, view string) (*api.MutationResponse, error)) error {
+	if len(views) == 1 || c.Changeset > 0 {
+		for _, v := range views {
+			resp, err := do(c, v)
+			if err != nil {
+				if len(views) > 1 {
+					err = fmt.Errorf("view %s: %w", v, err)
+				}
+				return err
+			}
+			if resp != nil {
+				if err := report(resp); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	var cs api.Changeset
+	if err := c.Do(ctx(), "POST", "/changesets", nil, map[string]any{"description": description + " (views " + strings.Join(views, ", ") + ")"}, &cs); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	discard := func() { c.Do(ctx(), "POST", fmt.Sprintf("/changesets/%d/discard", cs.ID), nil, nil, nil) }
+	staging := *c
+	staging.Changeset, staging.DryRun = cs.ID, false
+	staged := 0
+	for _, v := range views {
+		resp, err := do(&staging, v)
+		if err != nil {
+			discard()
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "view %s failed, so nothing was changed in any view\n", v)
+			return err
+		}
+		if resp != nil {
+			staged++
+		}
+	}
+	if staged == 0 {
+		discard()
+		return nil
+	}
+	var resp api.MutationResponse
+	err := c.Do(ctx(), "POST", fmt.Sprintf("/changesets/%d/apply", cs.ID), nil, map[string]any{"force": c.Force, "dry_run": c.DryRun}, &resp)
+	if err != nil || c.DryRun {
+		discard()
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return report(&resp)
+}
@@ -325,7 +325,61 @@ export the data.`,
 	}
 	sinceFlag(breakdown, &breakdownSince, "24h", sinceHelp)

-	cmd.AddCommand(status, summary, top, timeline, heatmap, breakdown)
+	server := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "server",
+		Short: "Show named's memory, CPU, cache and clients, the host's memory and load, and free disk space",
+		Long: `Server statistics, sampled once a minute: named's memory and CPU use,
+cache size, recursive and TCP clients against their limits, the host's
+memory and load, and the space left where zone files, logs and Jarl's
+data are. Memory and CPU over time: 'jarl stats timeline --key
+g:named:rss,g:named:cpu' (averages; CPU in tenths of a percent).`,
+		Args: cobra.NoArgs,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			c, err := newClient()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			var resp struct {
+				Server     *stats.Server     `json:"server"`
+				Named      map[string]string `json:"named,omitempty"`
+				NamedError string            `json:"named_error,omitempty"`
+				Disks      []stats.Disk      `json:"disks"`
+			}
+			if err := c.Get(ctx(), "/stats/server", nil, &resp); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			return output(resp, func(w io.Writer) {
+				s := resp.Server
+				if s == nil {
+					fmt.Fprintln(w, "No sample yet:\tthe first is taken a minute after jarl starts")
+					return
+				}
+				fmt.Fprintf(w, "named:\t%s, up since %s, reconfigured %s\n", s.Version, isoLocal(s.BootTime), isoLocal(s.ConfigTime))
+				if s.PID > 0 {
+					fmt.Fprintf(w, "Memory:\t%s resident (named counts %s), %d threads, PID %d\n", sizeStr(s.RSS), sizeStr(s.MemInUse), s.Threads, s.PID)
+					fmt.Fprintf(w, "CPU:\t%.1f%% of one CPU over the last minute\n", s.CPUPercent)
+				} else {
+					fmt.Fprintf(w, "Memory:\tnamed counts %s (its process isn't visible to jarld)\n", sizeStr(s.MemInUse))
+				}
+				fmt.Fprintf(w, "Cache:\t%d RRsets, %s\n", s.CacheRRsets, sizeStr(s.CacheMem))
+				if n := resp.Named; n != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(w, "Recursive clients:\t%s (now/soft limit/limit), most at once %d\n", n["recursive_clients"], s.RecursionHighwater)
+					fmt.Fprintf(w, "TCP clients:\t%s (now/limit), most at once %d\n", n["tcp_clients"], s.TCPHighwater)
+				} else if resp.NamedError != "" {
+					fmt.Fprintf(w, "Clients:\tunknown: %s\n", resp.NamedError)
+				}
+				fmt.Fprintf(w, "Sockets:\t%d UDP, %d TCP\n", s.SocketsUDP, s.SocketsTCP)
+				if h := s.Host; h != nil && h.MemTotal > 0 {
+					fmt.Fprintf(w, "Host:\t%s of %s memory in use, load %v, %d CPUs, up %s\n", sizeStr(h.MemTotal-h.MemAvailable), sizeStr(h.MemTotal), h.Load, h.CPUs, (time.Duration(h.Uptime) * time.Second).String())
+				}
+				for _, d := range resp.Disks {
+					fmt.Fprintf(w, "Disk:\t%s free of %s for %s (%s)\n", sizeStr(d.Free), sizeStr(d.Total), strings.Join(d.Holds, ", "), d.Path)
+				}
+			})
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.AddCommand(status, summary, top, timeline, heatmap, breakdown, server)
 	return cmd
 }

@@ -398,3 +452,26 @@ func sparkline(vals []int64) string {
 	}
 	return sb.String()
 }
+
+// sizeStr formats a size in binary units.
+func sizeStr(n int64) string {
+	units := []string{"B", "KiB", "MiB", "GiB", "TiB"}
+	f, i := float64(n), 0
+	for f >= 1024 && i < len(units)-1 {
+		f /= 1024
+		i++
+	}
+	if i == 0 || f >= 100 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.0f %s", f, units[i])
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f %s", f, units[i])
+}
+
+// isoLocal shows a time named reports (RFC 3339) in local time.
+func isoLocal(s string) string {
+	t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return s
+	}
+	return t.Local().Format("2006-01-02 15:04")
+}
@@ -449,6 +449,10 @@ func jsonUnmarshal(b []byte, v any) error { return json.Unmarshal(b, v) }

 // ---- records

+// viewsFlagHelp describes --view of the record commands that change
+// records.
+const viewsFlagHelp = "view of the zone; several (internal,external) or \"all\" make the same change in each, together"
+
 func recordCmd() *cobra.Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{Use: "record", Aliases: []string{"records", "rr"}, Short: "Manage records in primary zones"}
 	var view, name, typ, search, comment, ttlArg string
@@ -531,15 +535,17 @@ and splitting are automatic).
 			if ptr {
 				body["ptr"] = true
 			}
-			path, qv := zonePath(args[0], view)
-			resp, err := c.Mutate(ctx(), "POST", path+"/records", qv, body)
+			views, err := zoneViews(c, args[0], view)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			return report(resp)
+			return perView(c, views, "add "+args[1]+" "+strings.ToUpper(args[2]), func(c *client.Client, view string) (*api.MutationResponse, error) {
+				path, qv := zonePath(args[0], view)
+				return c.Mutate(ctx(), "POST", path+"/records", qv, body)
+			})
 		},
 	}
-	add.Flags().StringVar(&view, "view", "", "view of the zone")
+	add.Flags().StringVar(&view, "view", "", viewsFlagHelp)
 	add.Flags().StringVar(&ttlArg, "ttl", "", "TTL in seconds (default: the RRset's or the zone's)")
 	add.Flags().StringVar(&comment, "comment", "", "comment")
 	add.Flags().BoolVar(&ptr, "ptr", false, "also add the PTR record (A/AAAA)")
@@ -624,26 +630,28 @@ or one record by ID.
 			if len(args) == 3 && !confirm(fmt.Sprintf("Delete all %s records of %s?", strings.ToUpper(args[2]), args[1]), yes) {
 				return fmt.Errorf("canceled")
 			}
-			path, qv := zonePath(args[0], view)
-			qv.Set("name", args[1])
-			qv.Set("type", args[2])
-			if len(args) > 3 {
-				qv.Set("data", strings.Join(args[3:], " "))
-			}
-			if missingOK {
-				qv.Set("missing_ok", "1")
-			}
-			if ptr {
-				qv.Set("ptr", "1")
-			}
-			resp, err := c.Mutate(ctx(), "DELETE", path+"/records", qv, nil)
+			views, err := zoneViews(c, args[0], view)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			return report(resp)
+			return perView(c, views, "delete "+args[1]+" "+strings.ToUpper(args[2]), func(c *client.Client, view string) (*api.MutationResponse, error) {
+				path, qv := zonePath(args[0], view)
+				qv.Set("name", args[1])
+				qv.Set("type", args[2])
+				if len(args) > 3 {
+					qv.Set("data", strings.Join(args[3:], " "))
+				}
+				if missingOK {
+					qv.Set("missing_ok", "1")
+				}
+				if ptr {
+					qv.Set("ptr", "1")
+				}
+				return c.Mutate(ctx(), "DELETE", path+"/records", qv, nil)
+			})
 		},
 	}
-	del.Flags().StringVar(&view, "view", "", "view of the zone")
+	del.Flags().StringVar(&view, "view", "", viewsFlagHelp)
 	del.Flags().Int64Var(&id, "id", 0, "delete the record with this ID")
 	del.Flags().BoolVar(&missingOK, "missing-ok", false, "succeed when nothing matches")
 	del.Flags().BoolVar(&ptr, "ptr", false, "also delete the matching PTR record (A/AAAA)")
@@ -670,15 +678,17 @@ spaces.
 			if comment != "" {
 				body["comment"] = comment
 			}
-			path, qv := zonePath(args[0], view)
-			resp, err := c.Mutate(ctx(), "PUT", path+"/rrsets/"+urlPathEscape(args[1])+"/"+urlPathEscape(args[2]), qv, body)
+			views, err := zoneViews(c, args[0], view)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			return report(resp)
+			return perView(c, views, "set "+args[1]+" "+strings.ToUpper(args[2]), func(c *client.Client, view string) (*api.MutationResponse, error) {
+				path, qv := zonePath(args[0], view)
+				return c.Mutate(ctx(), "PUT", path+"/rrsets/"+urlPathEscape(args[1])+"/"+urlPathEscape(args[2]), qv, body)
+			})
 		},
 	}
-	set.Flags().StringVar(&view, "view", "", "view of the zone")
+	set.Flags().StringVar(&view, "view", "", viewsFlagHelp)
 	set.Flags().StringVar(&ttlArg, "ttl", "", "TTL for the RRset")
 	set.Flags().StringVar(&comment, "comment", "", "comment for new records")

@@ -728,30 +738,37 @@ with DATA), or one record by ID.
 				if len(args) < 3 {
 					return fmt.Errorf("give ZONE NAME TYPE [DATA], or --id")
 				}
-				path, zq := zonePath(args[0], tview)
-				for k, v := range zq {
-					qv[k] = v
-				}
-				qv.Set("name", args[1])
-				qv.Set("type", args[2])
-				if len(args) > 3 {
-					qv.Set("data", strings.Join(args[3:], " "))
-				}
-				if tmissing {
-					qv.Set("missing_ok", "1")
-				}
-				resp, err := c.Mutate(ctx(), "POST", path+"/records/"+verb, qv, nil)
-				if err != nil && tmissing && strings.HasSuffix(err.Error(), "nothing to do") {
-					fmt.Println("nothing to do")
-					return nil
-				}
+				views, err := zoneViews(c, args[0], tview)
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
-				return report(resp)
+				return perView(c, views, verb+" "+args[1]+" "+strings.ToUpper(args[2]), func(c *client.Client, view string) (*api.MutationResponse, error) {
+					path, zq := zonePath(args[0], view)
+					vq := q()
+					for k, v := range qv {
+						vq[k] = v
+					}
+					for k, v := range zq {
+						vq[k] = v
+					}
+					vq.Set("name", args[1])
+					vq.Set("type", args[2])
+					if len(args) > 3 {
+						vq.Set("data", strings.Join(args[3:], " "))
+					}
+					if tmissing {
+						vq.Set("missing_ok", "1")
+					}
+					resp, err := c.Mutate(ctx(), "POST", path+"/records/"+verb, vq, nil)
+					if err != nil && tmissing && strings.HasSuffix(err.Error(), "nothing to do") {
+						fmt.Println("nothing to do")
+						return nil, nil
+					}
+					return resp, err
+				})
 			},
 		}
-		c.Flags().StringVar(&tview, "view", "", "view of the zone")
+		c.Flags().StringVar(&tview, "view", "", viewsFlagHelp)
 		c.Flags().Int64Var(&tid, "id", 0, verb+" the record with this ID")
 		c.Flags().BoolVar(&tmissing, "missing-ok", false, "succeed when nothing matches or the records are already "+verb+"d")
 		c.Flags().BoolVar(&tptr, "ptr", false, "also "+verb+" the matching PTR record (A/AAAA)")
@@ -302,7 +302,11 @@ func renderCmd() *cobra.Command {
 				return err
 			}
 			paths := render.Paths{ConfigDir: filepath.Join(out, "config"), ZoneDir: filepath.Join(out, "zones"), CacheDir: filepath.Join(out, "cache")}
-			o := render.Render(st, paths, renderExtras(a.cfg))
+			x := renderExtras(a.cfg)
+			if x.ViewKeySeed, err = engine.ViewKeySeed(context.Background(), a.store); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			o := render.Render(st, paths, x)
 			for _, f := range o.Files {
 				if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(f.Path), 0o750); err != nil {
 					return err
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ func statsOptions(cfg *config.Config) stats.Options {
 	sc := cfg.Stats
 	o := stats.Options{QueryLog: sc.QueryLog, LogFile: sc.LogFile, StatisticsChannel: sc.StatisticsChannel, TopN: sc.TopN,
 		RetainMinute: time.Duration(sc.Retention.Minute), RetainHour: time.Duration(sc.Retention.Hour), RetainDay: time.Duration(sc.Retention.Day),
-		Anonymize: sc.AnonymizeClients}
+		Anonymize: sc.AnonymizeClients, MainConfig: cfg.BIND.MainConfig}
 	for _, p := range sc.ExcludeClients {
 		if pf, err := config.ParsePrefix(p); err == nil {
 			o.Exclude = append(o.Exclude, pf.Masked())
@@ -55,7 +55,9 @@ RestrictRealtime=yes
 RestrictSUIDSGID=yes
 LockPersonality=yes
 MemoryDenyWriteExecute=yes
-RestrictAddressFamilies=AF_UNIX AF_INET AF_INET6
+# AF_NETLINK lets jarld list this host's addresses, so its name server
+# checks know which addresses are its own.
+RestrictAddressFamilies=AF_UNIX AF_INET AF_INET6 AF_NETLINK
 SystemCallArchitectures=native
 # @system-service includes @chown, which jarld needs to give files to group bind.
 SystemCallFilter=@system-service
@@ -386,6 +386,7 @@ Disabling a record that is already disabled is a 409; with `missing_ok=1`
 | GET / PATCH / DELETE | `/views/{id}` | DELETE `?cascade=1` also deletes the view's zones |
 | POST | `/views/order` | `{"ids": [3, 1, 2]}` |
 | PUT | `/views/{id}/color` | `{"color": "green"}`; `""` for the default |
+| GET | `/views/{id}/key` | `{name, algorithm, secret}`: the TSIG key that selects the view (docs/views.md); needs `tsig:write`, audited |

 `adopt_zones` moves zones that are not in a view into the new view. named
 requires every zone to be in a view as soon as one view exists.
@@ -427,8 +428,8 @@ Needs `blocking:read` (`blocking:write` to change). See
 | PATCH / DELETE | `/blocking/rules/{id}` | |
 | DELETE | `/blocking/rules` | `?name=DOMAIN[&view=V][&missing_ok=1]`: the rules for a domain |
 | GET | `/blocking/check` | `?name=DOMAIN`: per view with blocking, `{view, result: blocked\|allowed\|none, entry, rule_id, list}` (what applies when blocking isn't paused) |
-| GET | `/blocking/status` | `{paused_until}` (null when not paused) |
-| POST | `/blocking/pause` | `{"minutes": 15}` (1 to 1440): let every name through until then; jarld resumes by itself |
+| GET | `/blocking/status` | `{paused_until, paused_indefinitely}` (null and false when not paused) |
+| POST | `/blocking/pause` | `{"minutes": 15}` (1 to 1440): let every name through until then; jarld resumes by itself. `{"indefinitely": true}`: until resumed |
 | POST | `/blocking/resume` | end a pause now |

 Lists and rules are configuration like the rest: they can be staged, and
@@ -444,7 +445,9 @@ listing with `?changeset=` marks them `pending`.
 | GET / PATCH | `/settings` | `{"nameservers": [...], "rname": "...", "default_ttl": 3600, "refresh": ..., "retry": ..., "expire": ..., "negative_ttl": ..., "serial_policy": "date"}` |

 Option values are named.conf syntax without the final semicolon. They are
-checked against the BIND 9.20 grammar for that scope.
+checked against the BIND 9.20 grammar for that scope. `position` only
+orders top-level statements; the options of a block are always listed and
+written in Jarl's fixed order (docs/concepts.md).

 ### Catalogs and search

@@ -487,7 +490,7 @@ An **Operation** is `{"op": "...", "id": 0, "base_version": 0, "data": {...}}`:
 | `settings.update` | | settings fields |
 | `blocklist.create` / `blocklist.update` / `blocklist.delete` | blocklist (update/delete) | list fields; views as `views` (names) or `view_ids` |
 | `blockrule.create` / `blockrule.update` / `blockrule.delete` | rule (update/delete) | rule fields, likewise |
-| `blocking.pause` | | `{"until": "2026-10-10T15:04:05Z"}`, or `null` to resume |
+| `blocking.pause` | | `{"until": "2026-10-10T15:04:05Z"}`, `{"indefinitely": true}`, or `{}` to resume |

 Operations later in a batch can refer to objects created earlier in it by
 name (zone and view names). One request can therefore create a view, a zone
@@ -497,7 +500,7 @@ in it and its records.

 | Method | Path | Notes |
 |--------|------|-------|
-| GET | `/status` | named status, adoption, drift, open changesets, current problems, object counts; `expiring_tokens` (tokens that expire within 14 days or expired in the last 14: all for administrators, otherwise the caller's); `backup` (administrators: `last_at`, `last_file`, `last_size`, `last_error`, `last_error_at`, `dir`, `warn_after` in seconds, `stale`); `blocklist_errors` (with `blocking:read`: lists whose last update failed, `{name, error, updated_at}`); `blocking_paused_until` (with `blocking:read`, while paused) |
+| GET | `/status` | named status, adoption, drift, open changesets, current problems, object counts; `expiring_tokens` (tokens that expire within 14 days or expired in the last 14: all for administrators, otherwise the caller's); `backup` (administrators: `last_at`, `last_file`, `last_size`, `last_error`, `last_error_at`, `dir`, `warn_after` in seconds, `stale`); `blocklist_errors` (with `blocking:read`: lists whose last update failed, `{name, error, updated_at}`); `blocking_paused_until` or `blocking_paused_indefinitely` (with `blocking:read`, while paused). `problems` include named-checkconf's warnings about the running configuration (`named_warning`) |
 | POST | `/system/check` | validation + named-checkconf of the current configuration (`options:read`) |
 | POST | `/system/resync` | `{"dry_run": false, "force": false}`: rewrite every file from the database and reload (admin) |
 | GET | `/audit` | `?user=&action=&outcome=&object_type=&changeset=&q=&since=&until=&limit=200&before=ID` |
@@ -514,6 +517,7 @@ Needs `stats:read`. When statistics are disabled, every endpoint but
 | GET | `/stats/timeline` | `since`, `step` (auto, 1m, 5m, 15m, 1h, 6h, 1d), `key` (repeatable or comma separated; `rcode:*` = every counter of a group; default `queries`) | `{step, times: [unix...], series: [{key, values}]}` |
 | GET | `/stats/top` | `kind` (name, client, nxdomain, servfail, refused, blocked, blocked_client), `since`, `limit` (default 20) | `[{key, count}]`; client, refused and blocked_client entries add `name`, the host name of Jarl's record for the address (the summary's client list too) |
 | GET | `/stats/heatmap` | `since` (default 28d), `key` (default queries) | `{key, from, avg[7][24], samples[7][24]}`, Monday first, local time, `-1` = no data |
+| GET | `/stats/server` | | `{server: {rss, mem_in_use, cpu_percent, threads, pid, cache_rrsets, cache_mem, sockets_udp, sockets_tcp, recursion_highwater, tcp_highwater, version, boot_time, config_time, host: {mem_total, mem_available, load, cpus, uptime}}, named: {recursive_clients, tcp_clients, zones, cpus, worker_threads}, disks: [{path, holds, total, free}]}`; gauges over time: `/stats/timeline?key=g:named:rss` (averages, -1 without a sample) |
 | GET | `/stats/breakdown` | `group` (qtype, rcode, view, zone, answer, transport, rtt, dnssec, cache, ratelimit, blocklist), `since` | `[{key, count}]` |

 ```sh
@@ -168,15 +168,18 @@ most blocked names link to this check.

 To see whether blocking is what breaks a site, pause it: every name is
 answered normally until the time is up (at most a day), then blocking
-resumes by itself, also if jarld was restarted in between.
+resumes by itself, also if jarld was restarted in between. A pause can
+also last until someone resumes blocking (like Pi-hole's "indefinitely").

 ```sh
 jarl block pause          # 10 minutes; or: jarl block pause 1h
+jarl block pause indefinitely
 jarl block resume         # end it now
 ```

-In the web UI, **Pause blocking** is at the top of the Blocking page, and
-the dashboard says while blocking is paused. The lists stay loaded (the
+In the web UI, **Pause blocking** is at the top of the Blocking page (with
+**Until I resume** among the lengths), and the dashboard says while
+blocking is paused. The lists stay loaded (the
 rules zone just lets everything through), so pausing and resuming take
 effect within a second. Pausing and resuming are recorded in the history
 like other changes.
@@ -273,8 +273,20 @@ jarl record disable --id 1234                             # by ID; same for enab

 # reverse zones: name records by address; the host name needs no final dot
 jarl record add 0.10.10.in-addr.arpa 10.10.0.20 PTR nas.adbraun.lol
+
+# a zone in several views (split horizon): the same change in each
+jarl record add adbraun.lol mx2 A 203.0.113.5 --view internal,external
+jarl record delete adbraun.lol old A --view all -y
 ```

+**Several views.** When a zone exists in more than one view, the record
+commands that change records (`add`, `set`, `delete`, `disable`,
+`enable`) take `--view a,b` or `--view all` (every view the zone is in).
+The changes are applied together as one changeset: if one view refuses
+(the zone isn't in it, a CNAME conflict, ...), no view is changed. With
+`--changeset` they are staged there instead. Keep split-horizon data that
+differs per view (an internal address, say) to one view at a time.
+
 Names are relative to the zone (`@` is the apex) unless they end with a
 dot. Data uses zone file syntax, except that TXT/SPF take plain text: Jarl
 adds the quotes and splits long values into 255-byte strings. In reverse zones the name can be the address
@@ -356,6 +368,7 @@ jarl view order internal external
 jarl view update external --match-clients "!homelab,any"
 jarl view delete old [--cascade]
 jarl view color internal green                # web UI colour; "default" resets it
+jarl view key external [--named-conf]         # the key that selects the view (dig -k), docs/views.md

 jarl acl create homelab 192.168.1.0/24 10.10.0.0/16 localhost
 jarl acl update homelab --add 10.20.0.0/16 --remove 10.10.0.0/16
@@ -371,12 +384,21 @@ jarl option list [--view V | --zone Z | --toplevel | --all]
 jarl option set recursion yes
 jarl option set allow-recursion '{ homelab; localhost; }'
 jarl option set forwarders '{ 1.1.1.1; 9.9.9.9; }'
-jarl option set allow-transfer '{ key xfer; }' --zone adbraun.lol
+jarl option set forwarders 1.1.1.1 9.9.9.9    # the same: braces are added to a list
+jarl option set allow-transfer 'key xfer; 10.0.10.53' --zone adbraun.lol
 jarl option set response-policy '{ zone "rpz.local"; }' --view internal
 jarl option set logging '{ channel q { file "/var/log/named/query.log" versions 3 size 20m; }; category queries { q; }; }' --toplevel
 jarl option unset forwarders
 jarl option describe                          # every option allowed at this scope
 jarl option describe allow-query-cache        # grammar and ARM description
+```
+
+Options that end in a list (`allow-*`, `forwarders`, `listen-on`, ...) may
+be given without the braces: elements are separated by `;`, `,` or spaces,
+and `key NAME` and `port N` stay with their element. Options are always
+listed in one fixed order (see [concepts.md](concepts.md)).
+
+```sh

 jarl settings show
 jarl settings set --ns ns1.adbraun.lol.,ns2.adbraun.lol. --contact hostmaster@adbraun.lol --ttl 3600
@@ -432,6 +454,7 @@ jarl stats top names | clients | nxdomain | servfail | refused | blocked | block
 jarl stats timeline --since 6h [--key rcode:NXDOMAIN] [--table]
 jarl stats heatmap --since 28d
 jarl stats breakdown qtype | rcode | view | zone | answer | rtt | blocklist
+jarl stats server                                # named's memory, CPU, cache, clients; host; disk space
 ```

 Statistics must be enabled in `jarl.yaml`, and `-o json` exports the data.
@@ -452,6 +475,7 @@ jarl block list
 jarl block delete DOMAIN [--view V] | --id ID
 jarl block check DOMAIN                          # blocked? by which rule or list?
 jarl block pause [DURATION]                      # let everything through for a while (default 10m, at most 24h)
+jarl block pause indefinitely                    # ... until 'jarl block resume'
 jarl block resume
 ```

@@ -68,7 +68,9 @@ both, using a single mechanism:
 * `POST /api/v1/apply` (CLI: `jarl apply -f changes.yaml`) applies a list of
  operations as one changeset in a single request.
 * `?dry_run=1` (CLI: `--dry-run`) runs the whole pipeline except installing
-  files and reloading named, and shows the problems and the diff.
+  files and reloading named, and shows the problems and the diff. Each
+  part of a named.conf diff says which block it is in, after the `@@`
+  line numbers: `@@ -50,6 +49,8 @@ view "internal" {`.

 **Why bundling matters.** Some changes only make sense together. Turning
 `www` from an A record into a CNAME means deleting the A record and adding
@@ -159,6 +161,12 @@ RFC 1982 arithmetic.
  Jarl checks them before named does. Statements that Jarl manages itself
  (`zone`, `view`, `acl`, `key`, a zone's `type`/`file`, a view's
  `match-clients`, ...) can't be set as raw options.
+  Options of a block are kept in one fixed order, the same in named.conf,
+  the web UI and the CLI: grouped (files, listening, access control,
+  recursion and forwarding, DNSSEC, transfers and notify, then the rest),
+  alphabetical within a group. So the same option is in the same place in
+  every view and zone. Top-level statements stay in the order they were
+  added.
 * **Settings** are Jarl's defaults for new zones: name servers, SOA contact
  and timers, default TTL, serial policy.

@@ -104,6 +104,26 @@ lists, views, zones). named's own counters can't be filtered.
 | `responses` | response log | lines read (a health check) |
 | `blocked`, `blocklist:NAME` | response log | queries [blocking](blocking.md) answered, and by which list (`blocklist:rules` for your own rules) |

+**Server** (sampled every minute; stored as gauges, `g:KEY` the sum of
+the samples and `gn:KEY` their number, so a chart shows the average):
+
+| Gauge | Source | Meaning |
+|-------|--------|---------|
+| `g:named:rss` | /proc | named's resident memory (what the system sees), bytes |
+| `g:named:mem` | named | the memory named counts itself as using, bytes |
+| `g:named:cpu` | /proc | named's CPU use over the minute, in tenths of a percent of one CPU |
+| `g:cache:mem`, `g:cache:rrsets` | named | the cache's memory and RRsets, all views |
+| `g:host:mem-used`, `g:host:load` | /proc | the host's memory in use, and its 1-minute load average times 100 |
+
+Jarl finds named's process by name (the one whose command line mentions
+named's main configuration file); reading its memory and CPU time needs no
+privileges. With `/proc` mounted `hidepid`, it isn't visible and those
+figures are left out. The current values also include named's sockets, its
+recursive and TCP clients against their limits (`rndc status`), the most
+at once since it started, and the space left on the file systems holding
+the zone files, Jarl's cache, named.conf, the response log and this
+database.
+
 **Top lists** (per hour and per day, the `top_n` largest): `name` (most
 queried names), `client`, `nxdomain` (names answered NXDOMAIN), `servfail`
 (names answered SERVFAIL), `refused` (clients that were refused), `blocked`
@@ -131,7 +151,9 @@ prefixes and get no name.
 page follows it. Charts have a hover readout (or focus them and use the
 arrow keys) and a **Table** button showing the same data as a table. The
 heatmap shows the average queries per hour for each weekday and hour over at
-least the last 7 days. The page refreshes every minute.
+least the last 7 days. The page refreshes every minute. **Server**, at the
+bottom, shows named's memory, CPU, cache and clients, the host and the
+disks now, and named's memory and CPU over the range.

 **CLI**:

@@ -146,6 +168,8 @@ jarl stats timeline --since 6h             # sparkline; --table for every bucket
 jarl stats timeline --since 7d --key rcode:NXDOMAIN --key rcode:SERVFAIL
 jarl stats heatmap --since 28d
 jarl stats breakdown qtype | rcode | view | zone | answer | rtt | dnssec | cache | transport | ratelimit
+jarl stats server                          # memory, CPU, cache, clients, host, disks now
+jarl stats timeline --since 7d --key g:named:rss --table   # named's memory over a week
 jarl stats summary --since 30d -o json     # export (also -o yaml)
 ```

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ showing them.
 | `acl_ref_missing`, `key_ref_missing` | error | Every ACL or TSIG key that is referenced must exist |
 | `acl_cycle` | error | ACLs that include each other |
 | `acl_duplicate`, `acl_name_invalid`, `acl_empty`, `acl_shadowed` | error / warning | Unique names, built-in names reserved, elements that can never match |
-| `key_*` | error / warning | Valid key names, a supported algorithm, a base64 secret of a sensible length. hmac-md5/sha1 are flagged as weak |
+| `key_*` | error / warning | Valid key names, a supported algorithm, a base64 secret of a sensible length. hmac-md5/sha1 are flagged as weak. Names starting with `jarl-view-` are reserved for the view keys (`key_name_reserved`) |
 | `view_duplicate`, `view_name_invalid`, `view_acl_invalid` | error | Valid, unique views and match lists |
 | `view_unreachable` | warning | A view that comes after one matching every client is never used |
 | `option_unknown`, `option_scope_invalid` | error | The option must exist in BIND 9.20 and be allowed where it is set (server, view, zone of this type, top level) |
@@ -132,3 +132,10 @@ values Jarl accepts as raw named.conf syntax, such as `logging` channels
 and `rrset-order`, are the main example. Their errors come back as
 `validation_failed` (HTTP 422) with the checker's messages in `check`, each
 tied to the object it belongs to.
+
+named-checkconf's warnings don't block a change. They are shown with the
+change, and the dashboard's configuration checks list them for as long as
+they apply (`named_warning`; `named_error` if the running configuration no
+longer passes, after a hand edit say). Jarl runs named-checkconf on the
+running configuration for this, without loading zones, when the dashboard
+asks and the configuration changed, or at most every 10 minutes.
@@ -116,7 +116,44 @@ dig @<public-ip> example.com                            # from outside: status R
 jarl check
 ```

-On the server, `dig -b <source address>` picks which view you test.
+On the server, `dig -b <source address>` picks which view you test, or,
+from anywhere, sign the query with the view's key (below):
+
+```sh
+jarl view key external --named-conf > external.key
+dig -k external.key @ns1.adbraun.lol nas.adbraun.lol +short   # 203.0.113.20, even from the LAN
+```
+
+## View keys
+
+named picks a view by where a query comes from, so a query this server
+sends to its own public address usually lands in the internal view: its
+source is one of your own networks. That makes checks of the external view
+from the server itself (such as Jarl's delegation check) see the wrong
+view.
+
+So Jarl gives every view a TSIG key, `jarl-view-NAME`, and puts it at the
+front of the view's `match-clients`:
+
+```
+view "internal" {
+	match-clients { !key jarl-view-external; key jarl-view-internal; homelab; };
+	...
+view "external" {
+	match-clients { key jarl-view-external; any; };
+```
+
+A query signed with a view's key lands in that view, whatever its source;
+the `!key` stops an earlier view from taking a later view's queries.
+Clients don't send these keys, so for them nothing changes. Jarl signs its
+own queries to this server's addresses with the key of the zone's view.
+The keys live in `keys.conf` with your other keys, never in diffs or in
+`jarl tsig list`; their secrets are derived from a random value in Jarl's
+database (and in its backups), so they stay the same from one apply to
+the next. `jarl view key VIEW`
+shows one (it needs `tsig:write` and is audited). Key names starting with
+`jarl-view-` are reserved, and the view keys can be used in your own
+options (`allow-transfer { key jarl-view-external; }`).

 ## Living with views

@@ -130,7 +167,9 @@ On the server, `dig -b <source address>` picks which view you test.
  `jarl view list` shows it.
 * Deleting a view is refused while it still has zones, unless you pass
  `--cascade`.
-* Give each view a colour (Views → Edit → Colour, or
+* Each view has its own page (Views → the view's name): its settings,
+  options and zones.
+* Give each view a colour (the view's page → Settings → Colour, or
  `jarl view color internal green`) to tell the zones of each view apart
  in the zone list. The colour only affects the web UI, so it applies at
  once, with no changeset or deploy. `jarl view color internal default`
@@ -249,8 +249,10 @@ type StatusResponse struct {
 	// BlocklistErrors are blocklists whose last update failed (for those
 	// who may see blocking).
 	BlocklistErrors []BlocklistError `json:"blocklist_errors,omitempty"`
-	// BlockingPausedUntil is set while blocking is paused.
-	BlockingPausedUntil *time.Time `json:"blocking_paused_until,omitempty"`
+	// BlockingPausedUntil is set while blocking is paused for a time,
+	// BlockingPausedIndefinitely while it is paused until resumed.
+	BlockingPausedUntil        *time.Time `json:"blocking_paused_until,omitempty"`
+	BlockingPausedIndefinitely bool       `json:"blocking_paused_indefinitely,omitempty"`
 }

 // BlocklistError is a blocklist whose last update failed. UpdatedAt is
@@ -340,7 +340,14 @@ type ServerStatus struct {
 	ConfigFile     string `json:"config_file"`
 	Zones          string `json:"zones"`
 	Running        bool   `json:"running"`
-	Raw            string `json:"raw"`
+	// RecursiveClients is "now/soft limit/hard limit" (the soft limit is
+	// where named starts dropping the oldest queries), TCPClients
+	// "now/limit".
+	RecursiveClients string `json:"recursive_clients,omitempty"`
+	TCPClients       string `json:"tcp_clients,omitempty"`
+	CPUs             string `json:"cpus,omitempty"`
+	WorkerThreads    string `json:"worker_threads,omitempty"`
+	Raw              string `json:"raw"`
 }

 // Status returns named's status.
@@ -363,6 +370,14 @@ func (t *Tools) Status(ctx context.Context) (*ServerStatus, error) {
 			st.ConfigFile = v
 		case ok && k == "number of zones":
 			st.Zones = v
+		case ok && k == "recursive clients":
+			st.RecursiveClients = v
+		case ok && k == "tcp clients":
+			st.TCPClients = v
+		case ok && k == "CPUs found":
+			st.CPUs = v
+		case ok && k == "worker threads":
+			st.WorkerThreads = v
 		case strings.Contains(line, "server is up and running"):
 			st.Running = true
 		}
@@ -427,3 +427,80 @@ func classify(name, grammar string) (string, []string) {
 	}
 	return KindRaw, nil
 }
+
+// listParam matches an optional parameter before a statement's list, such
+// as "[ port <integer> ]" in allow-transfer's grammar.
+var listParam = regexp.MustCompile(`\[ ([a-z0-9-]+) `)
+
+// WrapList adds the braces to a list value given without them, for
+// statements that end in a list ("allow-transfer [ port <integer> ] {
+// <address_match_element>; ... }"): "10.0.0.53" becomes "{ 10.0.0.53; }",
+// "port 5353 10.0.0.53; key xfer" becomes "port 5353 { 10.0.0.53; key
+// xfer; }". Elements are separated by ";", "," or new lines, or by spaces
+// when they are all addresses. Values with a brace, and values of other
+// statements, are returned as they are.
+func (st *Statement) WrapList(v string) string {
+	g, _, _ := strings.Cut(st.Grammar, "\n")
+	open := strings.Index(g, " {")
+	if strings.Contains(v, "{") || open < 0 || !strings.HasSuffix(g, "; ... };") {
+		return v
+	}
+	params := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, m := range listParam.FindAllStringSubmatch(g[:open], -1) {
+		params[m[1]] = true
+	}
+	fields := strings.Fields(v)
+	i := 0
+	for i+1 < len(fields) && params[strings.ToLower(fields[i])] {
+		i += 2
+	}
+	head := strings.Join(fields[:i], " ")
+	rest := strings.Join(fields[i:], " ")
+	var elems []string
+	if !strings.ContainsAny(rest, ";,\n") {
+		elems = spaceElements(fields[i:])
+	} else {
+		for _, e := range strings.FieldsFunc(rest, func(r rune) bool { return r == ';' || r == ',' || r == '\n' }) {
+			if e = strings.TrimSpace(e); e != "" {
+				elems = append(elems, e)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if len(elems) == 0 {
+		return v
+	}
+	list := "{ " + strings.Join(elems, "; ") + "; }"
+	if head != "" {
+		return head + " " + list
+	}
+	return list
+}
+
+// spaceElements splits list elements separated by spaces: "key NAME"
+// is one element, and "port N" and "tls NAME" belong to the address
+// before them (forwarders { 192.0.2.1 port 53; }).
+func spaceElements(fields []string) []string {
+	var out []string
+	for i := 0; i < len(fields); i++ {
+		f := fields[i]
+		switch strings.ToLower(f) {
+		case "key", "!key", "!":
+			if i+1 < len(fields) {
+				f += " " + fields[i+1]
+				i++
+			}
+			if f[0] == '!' && strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(f), "! key") && i+1 < len(fields) {
+				f += " " + fields[i+1]
+				i++
+			}
+		case "port", "tls":
+			if len(out) > 0 && i+1 < len(fields) {
+				out[len(out)-1] += " " + f + " " + fields[i+1]
+				i++
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		out = append(out, f)
+	}
+	return out
+}
@@ -77,3 +77,28 @@ func TestCatalog(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("zone types = %s", types)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestWrapList(t *testing.T) {
+	c := Default()
+	for _, tc := range []struct{ scope, name, in, want string }{
+		{ScopeOptions, "allow-transfer", "10.0.10.53", "{ 10.0.10.53; }"},
+		{ScopeOptions, "allow-transfer", "localhost 10.0.10.53 key xfer ! key old !10.0.0.1", "{ localhost; 10.0.10.53; key xfer; ! key old; !10.0.0.1; }"},
+		{ScopeOptions, "forwarders", "1.1.1.1 port 853 tls cf 9.9.9.9", "{ 1.1.1.1 port 853 tls cf; 9.9.9.9; }"},
+		{ScopeOptions, "allow-transfer", "localhost; 10.0.10.53", "{ localhost; 10.0.10.53; }"},
+		{ScopeOptions, "allow-transfer", "port 5353 key xfer, !10.0.0.1", "port 5353 { key xfer; !10.0.0.1; }"},
+		{ScopeOptions, "allow-transfer", "{ any; }", "{ any; }"},
+		{ScopeOptions, "allow-query", "10.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.0/24", "{ 10.0.0.0/8; 192.168.1.0/24; }"},
+		{ScopeOptions, "forwarders", "1.1.1.1 9.9.9.9", "{ 1.1.1.1; 9.9.9.9; }"},
+		{ScopeOptions, "listen-on", "port 53 10.0.10.5", "port 53 { 10.0.10.5; }"},
+		{ScopeOptions, "recursion", "yes", "yes"},
+		{ScopeOptions, "directory", `"/var/cache/bind"`, `"/var/cache/bind"`},
+	} {
+		st, ok := c.Lookup(tc.scope, tc.name)
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("%s not found", tc.name)
+		}
+		if got := st.WrapList(tc.in); got != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("%s %q = %q, want %q", tc.name, tc.in, got, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -275,6 +275,22 @@ func TestBlockingPause(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, err := env.e.Apply(context.Background(), rev.ID, env.admin, ApplyOptions{}); err != nil || env.state().Settings.BlockingPausedUntil != nil {
 		t.Errorf("revert of a pause: %v, %v", err, env.state().Settings.BlockingPausedUntil)
 	}
+	// Until resumed: jarld never ends it, a resume does.
+	res = env.submit(env.admin, NewRequest(OpBlockingPause, 0, BlockingPauseInput{Indefinitely: true}))
+	if res.Ops[0].Summary != "pause blocking until resumed" || !env.state().Settings.BlockingPaused() {
+		t.Errorf("indefinite pause: %q", res.Ops[0].Summary)
+	}
+	if f, _ := os.ReadFile(rulesFile); !strings.Contains(string(f), "*\tCNAME\trpz-passthru.\n") {
+		t.Errorf("rules zone while paused indefinitely:\n%s", f)
+	}
+	env.e.Now = func() time.Time { return until.Add(1000 * time.Hour) }
+	if got := env.e.ResumeBlocking(context.Background()); !got.IsZero() || !env.state().Settings.BlockingPausedIndefinitely {
+		t.Errorf("an indefinite pause ended by itself: %v", got)
+	}
+	env.submit(env.admin, NewRequest(OpBlockingPause, 0, BlockingPauseInput{}))
+	if env.state().Settings.BlockingPaused() {
+		t.Error("resume didn't end an indefinite pause")
+	}
 	// At most a day.
 	long := env.e.Now().Add(48 * time.Hour)
 	if e := env.submitErr(env.admin, NewRequest(OpBlockingPause, 0, BlockingPauseInput{Until: &long})); e.Kind != KindBadRequest {
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func (e *Engine) RefreshDue(ctx context.Context) {
 		e.log.Warn("blocklists: loading their status failed", "err", err)
 		return
 	}
-	out := render.Render(st, e.cfg.Paths, e.cfg.Extras)
+	out := render.Render(st, e.cfg.Paths, e.extras(ctx))
 	if err := e.ensureBlocklistFiles(out.Blocklists); err != nil {
 		e.log.Warn("blocklists: creating empty zone files failed", "err", err)
 	}
@@ -282,9 +282,13 @@ func applyBlockingPause(st *model.State, op model.Op, c *applyCtx) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	if in.Until != nil && in.Until.Sub(c.now) > MaxBlockingPause+time.Minute {
-		return errf(KindBadRequest, "blocking can be paused for at most %s; disable lists to stop using them", MaxBlockingPause)
+		return errf(KindBadRequest, "blocking can be paused for at most %s, or until it is resumed", MaxBlockingPause)
+	}
+	if in.Indefinitely && in.Until != nil {
+		return errf(KindBadRequest, "a pause is either until a time or until resumed, not both")
 	}
 	st.Settings.BlockingPausedUntil = in.Until
+	st.Settings.BlockingPausedIndefinitely = in.Indefinitely
 	return nil
 }

@@ -335,5 +335,8 @@ func fileDiff(path string, old []byte, existed bool, new []byte, removed, secret
 	if d != "" && !strings.HasSuffix(d, "\n") {
 		d += "\n"
 	}
+	if strings.HasSuffix(path, ".conf") {
+		d = labelHunks(d, string(old), string(new))
+	}
 	return d
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+package engine
+
+import (
+	"regexp"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// hunkHeader matches a unified diff hunk header; the line counts are left
+// out when they are 1.
+var hunkHeader = regexp.MustCompile(`^@@ -(\d+)(?:,\d+)? \+(\d+)(?:,\d+)? @@$`)
+
+// labelHunks adds the blocks a hunk's first change is in to its header,
+// like git does with function names, so a change to named.conf says where
+// it is:
+//
+//	@@ -50,6 +49,8 @@ view "internal" {
+//
+// Removed lines are looked up in the old file, added ones in the new.
+func labelHunks(diff, old, new string) string {
+	if !strings.Contains(diff, "\n@@ ") {
+		return diff
+	}
+	oldCtx, newCtx := blockContext(old), blockContext(new)
+	lines := strings.SplitAfter(diff, "\n")
+	for i, line := range lines {
+		m := hunkHeader.FindStringSubmatch(strings.TrimSuffix(line, "\n"))
+		if m == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		o, _ := strconv.Atoi(m[1])
+		n, _ := strconv.Atoi(m[2])
+		label := ""
+	hunk:
+		for _, l := range lines[i+1:] {
+			switch {
+			case strings.HasPrefix(l, "-"):
+				label = at(oldCtx, o)
+				break hunk
+			case strings.HasPrefix(l, "+"):
+				label = at(newCtx, n)
+				break hunk
+			case strings.HasPrefix(l, " "):
+				o, n = o+1, n+1
+			case strings.HasPrefix(l, `\`):
+			default:
+				break hunk
+			}
+		}
+		if label != "" {
+			lines[i] = strings.TrimSuffix(line, "\n") + " " + label + "\n"
+		}
+	}
+	return strings.Join(lines, "")
+}
+
+// at returns the context of line n (1-based), or "".
+func at(ctx []string, n int) string {
+	if n < 1 || n > len(ctx) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return ctx[n-1]
+}
+
+// blockContext returns, for each line of a named.conf file, the blocks
+// open at its start: `view "internal" { zone "example.com" {`, or "" at
+// the top level. It knows named.conf's strings and comments.
+func blockContext(text string) []string {
+	var (
+		out     []string
+		stack   []string
+		stmt    strings.Builder // the current statement, up to a { or ;
+		inStr   bool
+		inBlock bool // in a /* */ comment
+	)
+	label := func() string {
+		if len(stack) == 0 {
+			return ""
+		}
+		return strings.Join(stack, " { ") + " {"
+	}
+	for _, line := range strings.SplitAfter(text, "\n") {
+		if line == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, label())
+		for i := 0; i < len(line); i++ {
+			c := line[i]
+			switch {
+			case inBlock:
+				if c == '*' && i+1 < len(line) && line[i+1] == '/' {
+					inBlock = false
+					i++
+				}
+			case inStr:
+				stmt.WriteByte(c)
+				if c == '\\' && i+1 < len(line) {
+					stmt.WriteByte(line[i+1])
+					i++
+				} else if c == '"' {
+					inStr = false
+				}
+			case c == '"':
+				inStr = true
+				stmt.WriteByte(c)
+			case c == '#' || c == '/' && i+1 < len(line) && line[i+1] == '/':
+				i = len(line) // a comment to the end of the line
+			case c == '/' && i+1 < len(line) && line[i+1] == '*':
+				inBlock = true
+				i++
+			case c == '{':
+				stack = append(stack, shortLabel(stmt.String()))
+				stmt.Reset()
+			case c == '}':
+				if len(stack) > 0 {
+					stack = stack[:len(stack)-1]
+				}
+				stmt.Reset()
+			case c == ';':
+				stmt.Reset()
+			default:
+				stmt.WriteByte(c)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// shortLabel tidies the text before a { for a hunk header.
+func shortLabel(s string) string {
+	s = strings.Join(strings.Fields(s), " ")
+	if len(s) > 60 {
+		s = s[:57] + "..."
+	}
+	return s
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package engine
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestLabelHunks(t *testing.T) {
+	old := `// header
+options {
+	directory "/var/cache/bind";
+	forwarders { 1.1.1.1; 9.9.9.9; };
+	listen-on { any; };
+	recursion no;
+	version "a { b"; # a { in a string and comments: /* {
+	dnssec-validation auto;
+};
+
+view "internal" {
+	match-clients { 10.0.0.0/8; };
+	recursion yes;
+	allow-transfer { localhost; };
+	/* a { comment
+	   over lines */
+	zone "example.com" {
+		type primary;
+		file "example.com.db";
+		notify yes;
+	};
+	zone "other.example" { type primary; file "o.db"; };
+};
+`
+	new := strings.Replace(old, "\tforwarders { 1.1.1.1; 9.9.9.9; };\n", "", 1)
+	new = strings.Replace(new, "\tallow-transfer { localhost; };\n", "\tallow-transfer { localhost; };\n\tforward first;\n\tforwarders { 1.1.1.1; 9.9.9.9; };\n", 1)
+	new = strings.Replace(new, "\t\tnotify yes;\n", "\t\tnotify no;\n", 1)
+	d := fileDiff("/etc/bind/named.conf", []byte(old), true, []byte(new), false, false)
+	var headers []string
+	for _, l := range strings.Split(d, "\n") {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(l, "@@") {
+			headers = append(headers, l)
+		}
+	}
+	want := []string{
+		`@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@ options {`,
+		`@@ -12,12 +11,14 @@ view "internal" {`,
+	}
+	if strings.Join(headers, "\n") != strings.Join(want, "\n") {
+		t.Errorf("headers:\n%s\n\ndiff:\n%s", strings.Join(headers, "\n"), d)
+	}
+
+	// The first change of a hunk decides, and a change inside a zone
+	// names both blocks.
+	new2 := strings.Replace(old, "\t\tnotify yes;\n", "\t\tnotify no;\n", 1)
+	d = fileDiff("/etc/bind/named.conf", []byte(old), true, []byte(new2), false, false)
+	if !strings.Contains(d, ` @@ view "internal" { zone "example.com" {`+"\n") {
+		t.Errorf("zone change:\n%s", d)
+	}
+	// Zone files aren't named.conf syntax.
+	d = fileDiff("/var/lib/bind/example.com.db", []byte(old), true, []byte(new2), false, false)
+	if strings.Contains(d, "@@ view") {
+		t.Errorf("zone file labelled:\n%s", d)
+	}
+}
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ func DiffOps(from, to *model.State) []model.Op {
 	add := func(kind string, id int64, base int, data any, summary string) {
 		ops = append(ops, newOp(kind, id, base, data, summary))
 	}
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(from.Settings.BlockingPausedUntil, to.Settings.BlockingPausedUntil) {
-		add(OpBlockingPause, 0, 0, BlockingPauseInput{Until: to.Settings.BlockingPausedUntil}, map[bool]string{true: "pause blocking", false: "resume blocking"}[to.Settings.BlockingPausedUntil != nil])
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(from.Settings.BlockingPausedUntil, to.Settings.BlockingPausedUntil) || from.Settings.BlockingPausedIndefinitely != to.Settings.BlockingPausedIndefinitely {
+		add(OpBlockingPause, 0, 0, BlockingPauseInput{Until: to.Settings.BlockingPausedUntil, Indefinitely: to.Settings.BlockingPausedIndefinitely}, map[bool]string{true: "pause blocking", false: "resume blocking"}[to.Settings.BlockingPaused()])
 	}
 	if !reflect.DeepEqual(stripVersion(from.Settings), stripVersion(to.Settings)) {
 		s := to.Settings
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ func DiffOps(from, to *model.State) []model.Op {

 func stripVersion(s model.Settings) model.Settings {
 	s.Version = 0
-	s.BlockingPausedUntil = nil // its own operation
+	s.BlockingPausedUntil, s.BlockingPausedIndefinitely = nil, false // their own operation
 	return s
 }

@@ -73,6 +73,11 @@ type Engine struct {
 	blKick chan struct{} // a list was added or changed
 	HTTP   *http.Client  // for downloads; nil: a default client
 	Limits BlocklistLimits
+
+	namedCheck namedCheck // named-checkconf on the running configuration (namedwarn.go)
+
+	seedMu sync.Mutex
+	seed   []byte // the view keys' seed (viewkeys.go)
 }

 // New creates an engine.
@@ -435,7 +440,7 @@ func (e *Engine) makePlan(ctx context.Context, base, work *model.State, user str
 		pl.introduced = append(pl.introduced, problems...)
 		return pl, nil
 	}
-	pl.out = render.Render(work, e.cfg.Paths, e.cfg.Extras)
+	pl.out = render.Render(work, e.cfg.Paths, e.extras(ctx))
 	deployed, err := e.store.DeployedFiles(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -471,7 +476,7 @@ func (e *Engine) makePlan(ctx context.Context, base, work *model.State, user str
 	pl.diff = diff.String()

 	// Which zones named must reload, and which serials to verify.
-	baseOut := render.Render(base, e.cfg.Paths, e.cfg.Extras)
+	baseOut := render.Render(base, e.cfg.Paths, e.extras(ctx))
 	changedPaths := map[string]bool{}
 	for _, f := range pl.changed {
 		changedPaths[f.Path] = true
@@ -527,7 +532,7 @@ func (e *Engine) stagingCheck(ctx context.Context, pl *plan) error {
 	}
 	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
 	sp := render.Paths{ConfigDir: filepath.Join(dir, "config"), ZoneDir: filepath.Join(dir, "zones"), CacheDir: filepath.Join(dir, "cache")}
-	sout := render.Render(pl.work, sp, e.cfg.Extras)
+	sout := render.Render(pl.work, sp, e.extras(ctx))
 	for _, d := range sout.Dirs {
 		if err := os.MkdirAll(d, 0o750); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -1175,6 +1180,14 @@ type Status struct {
 	MainConfig     string             `json:"main_config"`
 }

+// NamedStatus asks named for its status (rndc status).
+func (e *Engine) NamedStatus(ctx context.Context) (*bind.ServerStatus, error) {
+	if e.cfg.NoReload || e.tools == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("named is not managed by this jarld (no_reload)")
+	}
+	return e.tools.Status(ctx)
+}
+
 // Status returns the current status.
 func (e *Engine) Status(ctx context.Context) (*Status, error) {
 	st, err := e.store.LoadState(ctx)
@@ -1218,7 +1231,7 @@ func (e *Engine) Status(ctx context.Context) (*Status, error) {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	s.Problems = nonNilProblems(e.validate(st))
+	s.Problems = nonNilProblems(append(e.validate(st), e.namedProblems(ctx, st, deployed)...))
 	s.Counts = map[string]int{"views": len(st.Views), "zones": len(st.Zones), "records": len(st.Records), "acls": len(st.ACLs), "tsig_keys": len(st.Keys), "options": len(st.Options)}
 	return s, nil
 }
@@ -248,6 +248,8 @@ func (x *expander) expand(req Request) ([]model.Op, error) {
 		summary := "resume blocking"
 		if in.Until != nil {
 			summary = "pause blocking until " + in.Until.Local().Format("2006-01-02 15:04")
+		} else if in.Indefinitely {
+			summary = "pause blocking until resumed"
 		}
 		return []model.Op{newOpRaw(OpBlockingPause, 0, 0, req.Data, summary)}, nil
 	case OpBlockRuleCreate:
@@ -252,6 +252,8 @@ type BlockRuleInput struct {
 // BlockingPauseInput pauses blocking until a time, or resumes it (null).
 type BlockingPauseInput struct {
 	Until *time.Time `json:"until"`
+	// Indefinitely pauses until someone resumes blocking (Until is nil).
+	Indefinitely bool `json:"indefinitely,omitempty"`
 }

 // MaxBlockingPause is the longest pause: blocking shouldn't stay off by
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package engine
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"jarl/internal/model"
+	"jarl/internal/render"
+	"jarl/internal/validate"
+)
+
+// namedCheckTTL is how long the result of checking named's running
+// configuration is kept when nothing changed.
+const namedCheckTTL = 10 * time.Minute
+
+// namedCheck caches the warnings of named-checkconf on the configuration
+// named runs, keyed by what it depends on.
+type namedCheck struct {
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	key      string
+	at       time.Time
+	problems []validate.Problem
+}
+
+// namedProblems runs named-checkconf on the configuration named runs
+// (without loading zones, which is quick) and returns what it reports as
+// problems. An apply shows these too, but they are named's own checks,
+// which Jarl doesn't repeat ("both recursion no and allow-recursion
+// active"): the dashboard lists them with Jarl's so they don't go unseen
+// after the apply. The result is reused while the deployed files and
+// named's main file are unchanged.
+func (e *Engine) namedProblems(ctx context.Context, st *model.State, deployed map[string]*model.DeployedFile) []validate.Problem {
+	if e.tools == nil || e.cfg.SkipCheck || e.cfg.MainConfig == "" || len(deployed) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	key := ""
+	if fi, err := os.Stat(e.cfg.MainConfig); err == nil {
+		key = fi.ModTime().String()
+	}
+	if f := deployed[e.cfg.Paths.MainConfig()]; f != nil {
+		key += "|" + f.SHA256
+	}
+	c := &e.namedCheck
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	if c.key == key && e.Now().Sub(c.at) < namedCheckTTL {
+		return c.problems
+	}
+	res, err := e.tools.CheckConfig(ctx, e.cfg.MainConfig, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil // named-checkconf couldn't run; an apply reports that
+	}
+	out := render.Render(st, e.cfg.Paths, e.extras(ctx))
+	var ps []validate.Problem
+	for _, m := range res.Messages {
+		p := validate.Problem{Severity: validate.Warning, Code: "named_warning", View: m.View, Zone: m.Zone}
+		if m.Error {
+			p.Severity, p.Code = validate.Error, "named_error"
+		}
+		where := ""
+		if m.File != "" {
+			where = fmt.Sprintf(" (%s:%d)", m.File, m.Line)
+		}
+		if span, ok := out.Lookup(m.File, m.Line); ok {
+			p.ObjectType, p.ObjectID = span.ObjectType, span.ObjectID
+			where = " (" + span.Label + ", " + where[2:]
+		}
+		p.Message = "named-checkconf: " + strings.TrimSpace(m.Text) + where
+		ps = append(ps, p)
+	}
+	c.key, c.at, c.problems = key, e.Now(), ps
+	return ps
+}
@@ -1127,6 +1127,8 @@ func NormalizeOption(st *model.State, scope string, scopeID int64, name, value s
 	if (stmt.Kind == catalog.KindString) && !strings.HasPrefix(v, `"`) && !strings.ContainsAny(v, " \t{};") {
 		v = namedconf.QuoteString(v)
 	}
+	// Lists may be given without their braces: "10.0.0.53; key xfer".
+	v = stmt.WrapList(v)
 	parsed, err := namedconf.ParseOptionValue(n, v)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", "", errf(KindBadRequest, "option %s: %v", n, err)
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package engine
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"jarl/internal/model"
+)
+
+func TestNormalizeOptionWrapsLists(t *testing.T) {
+	st := model.NewState()
+	for in, want := range map[string]string{
+		"10.0.10.53":           "{ 10.0.10.53; }",
+		"localhost; key xfer;": "{ localhost; key xfer; }",
+		"port 53 { any; }":     "port 53 { any; }",
+		"localhost 10.0.10.53": "{ localhost; 10.0.10.53; }",
+	} {
+		_, v, err := NormalizeOption(st, model.ScopeOptions, 0, "allow-transfer", in)
+		if err != nil || v != want {
+			t.Errorf("%q: %q, %v; want %q", in, v, err, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package engine
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"errors"
+
+	"jarl/internal/model"
+	"jarl/internal/nscheck"
+	"jarl/internal/render"
+	"jarl/internal/store"
+)
+
+// viewKeySeedMeta is where the seed of the view keys is kept.
+const viewKeySeedMeta = "view_key_seed"
+
+// ViewKeySeed returns the seed the view keys' secrets are derived from
+// (render/viewkeys.go), creating it the first time.
+func ViewKeySeed(ctx context.Context, st *store.Store) ([]byte, error) {
+	v, err := st.GetMeta(ctx, viewKeySeedMeta)
+	if err == nil {
+		return base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(v)
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, store.ErrNotFound) {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	seed := make([]byte, 32)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(seed); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := st.SetMeta(ctx, viewKeySeedMeta, base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(seed)); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return seed, nil
+}
+
+// extras returns what jarld's configuration adds to the rendered
+// configuration, with the view keys' seed.
+func (e *Engine) extras(ctx context.Context) render.Extras {
+	x := e.cfg.Extras
+	e.seedMu.Lock()
+	defer e.seedMu.Unlock()
+	if e.seed == nil {
+		seed, err := ViewKeySeed(ctx, e.store)
+		if err != nil {
+			e.log.Warn("view keys: reading their seed failed", "err", err)
+			return x
+		}
+		e.seed = seed
+	}
+	x.ViewKeySeed = e.seed
+	return x
+}
+
+// ViewKey returns the TSIG key that selects a zone's view on this server
+// (nil without views).
+func (e *Engine) ViewKey(ctx context.Context, st *model.State, z *model.Zone) *nscheck.Key {
+	v := st.Views[z.ViewID]
+	if v == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	x := e.extras(ctx)
+	if len(x.ViewKeySeed) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &nscheck.Key{Name: render.ViewKeyName(v.Name), Algorithm: render.ViewKeyAlgorithm, Secret: render.ViewKeySecret(x.ViewKeySeed, v.ID)}
+}
@@ -393,6 +393,10 @@ func (im *importer) key(s *namedconf.Stmt) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%s: key without a block", s.Pos)
 	}
 	name := model.NormalizeKeyName(s.Arg(0))
+	if strings.HasPrefix(name, model.ViewKeyPrefix) {
+		// A view key from a configuration Jarl wrote: Jarl makes its own.
+		return nil
+	}
 	alg, secret := "", ""
 	if a := namedconf.FindOne(b.Stmts, "algorithm"); a != nil {
 		alg = strings.ToLower(a.Arg(0))
@@ -433,7 +437,7 @@ func (im *importer) view(s *namedconf.Stmt) error {
 		switch kw := st.Keyword(); kw {
 		case "match-clients":
 			if mb := st.FirstBlock(); mb != nil {
-				v.MatchClients = nonNil(elementStrings(mb))
+				v.MatchClients = withoutViewKeys(nonNil(elementStrings(mb)))
 			}
 		case "match-destinations":
 			if mb := st.FirstBlock(); mb != nil {
@@ -807,3 +811,23 @@ func allowsNone(o *namedconf.Stmt) bool {
 	}
 	return true
 }
+
+// withoutViewKeys drops the view keys Jarl puts in front of match-clients
+// (render/viewkeys.go) from a list read from a configuration Jarl wrote,
+// and the "any" it adds after them to a view that had no list.
+func withoutViewKeys(elems []string) []string {
+	out := []string{}
+	dropped := false
+	for _, e := range elems {
+		f := strings.Fields(strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(e), "!"))
+		if len(f) == 2 && f[0] == "key" && strings.HasPrefix(strings.Trim(f[1], `"`), model.ViewKeyPrefix) {
+			dropped = true
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, e)
+	}
+	if dropped && len(out) == 1 && out[0] == "any" {
+		return []string{}
+	}
+	return out
+}
@@ -205,3 +205,15 @@ view "internal" {
 		t.Errorf("imported state has errors: %v", ps)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestWithoutViewKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct{ in, want []string }{
+		{[]string{"!key jarl-view-external", `key "jarl-view-internal"`, "homelab"}, []string{"homelab"}},
+		{[]string{"key jarl-view-external", "any"}, []string{}},
+		{[]string{"key xfer", "any"}, []string{"key xfer", "any"}},
+	} {
+		if got := withoutViewKeys(tc.in); strings.Join(got, ";") != strings.Join(tc.want, ";") || got == nil {
+			t.Errorf("%v: %v, want %v", tc.in, got, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -214,7 +214,15 @@ type Settings struct {
 	// BlockingPausedUntil, while set, lets every name through blocking
 	// (docs/blocking.md); jarld clears it when the time is up.
 	BlockingPausedUntil *time.Time `json:"blocking_paused_until,omitempty"`
-	Version             int        `json:"version"`
+	// BlockingPausedIndefinitely pauses blocking until someone resumes it.
+	BlockingPausedIndefinitely bool `json:"blocking_paused_indefinitely,omitempty"`
+	Version                    int  `json:"version"`
+}
+
+// BlockingPaused reports whether blocking is paused, for a time or until
+// resumed.
+func (s *Settings) BlockingPaused() bool {
+	return s.BlockingPausedUntil != nil || s.BlockingPausedIndefinitely
 }

 // DefaultSettings returns the settings of a fresh installation.
@@ -376,6 +384,13 @@ func (s *State) KeyByName(name string) *TSIGKey {
 	return nil
 }

+// ViewKeyPrefix starts the names of the TSIG keys Jarl gives views
+// (render/viewkeys.go); other keys can't use it.
+const ViewKeyPrefix = "jarl-view-"
+
+// ViewKeyName returns the name of a view's key.
+func ViewKeyName(view string) string { return ViewKeyPrefix + view }
+
 // NormalizeKeyName returns the canonical form of a key name: lowercase,
 // without a trailing dot.
 func NormalizeKeyName(name string) string {
@@ -506,7 +521,9 @@ func (s *State) ServedRecordsByZone() map[int64][]*Record {
 	return out
 }

-// ScopedOptions returns the options of a scope, in position order.
+// ScopedOptions returns the options of a scope: in a fixed order by name
+// for a block (see optionLess), in the order they were added for
+// top-level statements, which are written as entered.
 func (s *State) ScopedOptions(scope string, scopeID int64) []*Option {
 	var out []*Option
 	for _, o := range s.Options {
@@ -514,6 +531,10 @@ func (s *State) ScopedOptions(scope string, scopeID int64) []*Option {
 			out = append(out, o)
 		}
 	}
+	if scope != ScopeTopLevel {
+		sort.Slice(out, func(i, j int) bool { return optionLess(out[i], out[j]) })
+		return out
+	}
 	sort.Slice(out, func(i, j int) bool {
 		if out[i].Position != out[j].Position {
 			return out[i].Position < out[j].Position
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package model
+
+// optionGroups orders the options of a block (options, a view, a zone) the
+// same way everywhere: in named.conf, the web UI and the CLI. Related
+// options are grouped; within a group they are alphabetical, and options
+// not listed here come last, alphabetically. named doesn't care about the
+// order of options in a block.
+var optionGroups = [][]string{
+	// Files and identity.
+	{"bindkeys-file", "directory", "dump-file", "hostname", "managed-keys-directory", "memstatistics-file", "pid-file", "recursing-file", "secroots-file", "server-id", "session-keyfile", "statistics-file", "version"},
+	// Listening and source addresses.
+	{"listen-on", "listen-on-v6", "notify-source", "notify-source-v6", "query-source", "query-source-v6", "transfer-source", "transfer-source-v6"},
+	// Access control.
+	{"allow-query", "allow-query-cache", "allow-query-cache-on", "allow-query-on", "allow-recursion", "allow-recursion-on", "allow-update", "allow-update-forwarding", "blackhole", "deny-answer-addresses", "deny-answer-aliases", "update-policy"},
+	// Recursion, forwarding and the cache.
+	{"forward", "forwarders", "max-cache-size", "max-cache-ttl", "max-ncache-ttl", "minimal-responses", "prefetch", "qname-minimization", "rate-limit", "recursion", "response-policy", "serve-stale", "stale-answer-enable", "stale-answer-ttl", "stale-cache-enable"},
+	// DNSSEC.
+	{"dnssec-accept-expired", "dnssec-must-be-secure", "dnssec-policy", "dnssec-validation", "inline-signing", "key-directory", "trust-anchor-telemetry", "validate-except"},
+	// Transfers and notify.
+	{"allow-notify", "allow-transfer", "also-notify", "catalog-zones", "ixfr-from-differences", "masters", "max-transfer-idle-in", "max-transfer-idle-out", "max-transfer-time-in", "max-transfer-time-out", "notify", "notify-to-soa", "primaries", "provide-ixfr", "request-ixfr", "serial-query-rate", "transfer-format", "transfers-in", "transfers-out", "transfers-per-ns"},
+}
+
+var optionGroup = func() map[string]int {
+	m := map[string]int{}
+	for i, g := range optionGroups {
+		for _, n := range g {
+			m[n] = i
+		}
+	}
+	return m
+}()
+
+// optionLess orders two options of the same block: by group, then name,
+// then (for an option given more than once, like listen-on) the order they
+// were added in.
+func optionLess(a, b *Option) bool {
+	ga, ok := optionGroup[a.Name]
+	if !ok {
+		ga = len(optionGroups)
+	}
+	gb, ok := optionGroup[b.Name]
+	if !ok {
+		gb = len(optionGroups)
+	}
+	if ga != gb {
+		return ga < gb
+	}
+	if a.Name != b.Name {
+		return a.Name < b.Name
+	}
+	if a.Position != b.Position {
+		return a.Position < b.Position
+	}
+	return a.ID < b.ID
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package model
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestScopedOptionsOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewState()
+	add := func(scope string, names ...string) {
+		for i, n := range names {
+			id := int64(len(s.Options) + 1)
+			s.Options[id] = &Option{ID: id, Scope: scope, Name: n, Position: i}
+		}
+	}
+	// Added in an arbitrary order; listen-on twice.
+	add(ScopeView, "zzz-unknown", "forwarders", "listen-on", "recursion", "dnssec-validation", "aaa-unknown", "allow-query", "forward", "directory", "listen-on", "allow-transfer")
+	var got []string
+	for _, o := range s.ScopedOptions(ScopeView, 0) {
+		got = append(got, o.Name)
+	}
+	want := "directory listen-on listen-on allow-query forward forwarders recursion dnssec-validation allow-transfer aaa-unknown zzz-unknown"
+	if strings.Join(got, " ") != want {
+		t.Errorf("order:\n got %s\nwant %s", strings.Join(got, " "), want)
+	}
+	// An option given twice keeps the order it was added in.
+	l := s.ScopedOptions(ScopeView, 0)
+	if l[1].Position > l[2].Position {
+		t.Error("repeated listen-on swapped")
+	}
+	// Top-level statements stay as entered.
+	add(ScopeTopLevel, "logging", "acl", "key")
+	got = nil
+	for _, o := range s.ScopedOptions(ScopeTopLevel, 0) {
+		got = append(got, o.Name)
+	}
+	if strings.Join(got, " ") != "logging acl key" {
+		t.Errorf("top level: %v", got)
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package nscheck
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// Without netlink (a sandboxed jarld), the host's addresses come from /proc.
+func TestProcAddrs(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "if_inet6"), []byte(
+		"00000000000000000000000000000001 01 80 10 80       lo\n"+
+			"2a0280137f3d00100000000000000005 02 40 00 80     eth0\n"), 0o644)
+	os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "fib_trie"), []byte(`Main:
+  +-- 0.0.0.0/0 3 0 5
+     |-- 0.0.0.0
+        /0 universe UNICAST
+     +-- 10.0.10.0/24 2 0 2
+        |-- 10.0.10.0
+           /24 link UNICAST
+        |-- 10.0.10.5
+           /32 host LOCAL
+        |-- 10.0.10.255
+           /32 link BROADCAST
+Local:
+  +-- 0.0.0.0/0 3 0 5
+        |-- 10.0.10.5
+           /32 host LOCAL
+`), 0o644)
+	got := procAddrs(dir)
+	for _, want := range []string{"::1", "2a02:8013:7f3d:10::5", "10.0.10.5"} {
+		if !slices.Contains(got, netip.MustParseAddr(want)) {
+			t.Errorf("%s missing from %v", want, got)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(got) != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v (10.0.10.5 once, no broadcast or network addresses)", got)
+	}
+	// And the real ones on this machine: at least loopback.
+	if len(procAddrs("/proc/net")) == 0 {
+		t.Log("no addresses in /proc/net here")
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package nscheck
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+)
+
+// A query to this host's own address is signed with LocalKey, so a server
+// with views answers from the view that key selects.
+func TestLocalKey(t *testing.T) {
+	zone := "example.com."
+	key := &Key{Name: "jarl-view-external.", Algorithm: "hmac-sha256", Secret: "c2VjcmV0LXNlY3JldC1zZWNyZXQtc2VjcmV0LXNlY3I="}
+	pc, err := net.ListenPacket("udp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skip(err)
+	}
+	_, port, _ := net.SplitHostPort(pc.LocalAddr().String())
+	srv := &dns.Server{PacketConn: pc, TsigSecret: map[string]string{key.Name: key.Secret},
+		Handler: dns.HandlerFunc(func(w dns.ResponseWriter, req *dns.Msg) {
+			// Signed with the view key: the "external" view's serial.
+			serial := "1"
+			signed := req.IsTsig() != nil && w.TsigStatus() == nil
+			if signed {
+				serial = "2"
+			}
+			m := new(dns.Msg)
+			m.SetReply(req)
+			m.Authoritative = true
+			m.Answer = []dns.RR{rr(zone + " 3600 IN SOA ns1." + zone + " admin." + zone + " " + serial + " 3600 900 1209600 300")}
+			if signed {
+				m.SetTsig(key.Name, dns.HmacSHA256, 300, time.Now().Unix())
+			}
+			w.WriteMsg(m)
+		})}
+	go srv.ActivateAndServe()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { srv.Shutdown() })
+
+	ref := uint32(2)
+	c := &Checker{Timeout: time.Second, Port: port, IsLocal: func(netip.Addr) bool { return false }}
+	if res := c.Serials(context.Background(), zone, &ref, []Target{{Addresses: []string{"127.0.0.1"}}}); res[0].Status != "behind" {
+		t.Errorf("unsigned: %+v (want the other view's serial)", res[0])
+	}
+	c.LocalKey = key
+	if res := c.Serials(context.Background(), zone, &ref, []Target{{Addresses: []string{"127.0.0.1"}}}); res[0].Status != "in_sync" {
+		t.Errorf("signed with the view key: %+v", res[0])
+	}
+}
@@ -15,10 +15,13 @@ package nscheck

 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -95,6 +98,11 @@ type Checker struct {
 	// IsLocal reports whether an address belongs to this host (default:
 	// its interface addresses and loopback).
 	IsLocal func(netip.Addr) bool
+	// LocalKey, when set, signs the queries sent to this host's own
+	// addresses (when they are asked): with views, the key that selects
+	// the zone's view, so the answer comes from that view and not from
+	// whichever view matches this host's address.
+	LocalKey *Key
 	// Watch, if set, is told about each DNS query the checks send and
 	// its outcome as it happens (the web UI shows them while it waits).
 	// It is called from several goroutines at once.
@@ -252,20 +260,67 @@ func IsLocalAddr(a netip.Addr) bool {
 	if a.IsLoopback() {
 		return true
 	}
-	addrs, err := net.InterfaceAddrs()
-	if err != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	for _, ia := range addrs {
-		if n, ok := ia.(*net.IPNet); ok {
-			if b, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(n.IP); ok && b.Unmap() == a.Unmap() {
-				return true
-			}
+	for _, b := range LocalAddrs() {
+		if b == a.Unmap() {
+			return true
 		}
 	}
 	return false
 }

+// LocalAddrs returns this host's interface addresses. Listing them needs a
+// netlink socket; where that is not allowed (a systemd unit without
+// AF_NETLINK in RestrictAddressFamilies), they are read from /proc.
+func LocalAddrs() []netip.Addr {
+	var out []netip.Addr
+	if addrs, err := net.InterfaceAddrs(); err == nil {
+		for _, ia := range addrs {
+			if n, ok := ia.(*net.IPNet); ok {
+				if b, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(n.IP); ok {
+					out = append(out, b.Unmap())
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return out
+	}
+	return procAddrs("/proc/net")
+}
+
+// procAddrs reads the host's addresses from /proc/net: IPv6 from
+// if_inet6, IPv4 from the local (/32 host LOCAL) entries of fib_trie.
+func procAddrs(dir string) []netip.Addr {
+	var out []netip.Addr
+	if b, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "if_inet6")); err == nil {
+		for _, line := range strings.Split(string(b), "\n") {
+			f := strings.Fields(line)
+			if len(f) == 0 || len(f[0]) != 32 {
+				continue
+			}
+			raw, err := hex.DecodeString(f[0])
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if a, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(raw); ok {
+				out = append(out, a)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if b, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "fib_trie")); err == nil {
+		seen := map[netip.Addr]bool{}
+		var last netip.Addr
+		for _, line := range strings.Split(string(b), "\n") {
+			t := strings.TrimSpace(line)
+			if strings.HasPrefix(t, "|-- ") {
+				last, _ = netip.ParseAddr(strings.TrimPrefix(t, "|-- "))
+			} else if strings.HasPrefix(t, "/32 host LOCAL") && last.IsValid() && !seen[last] {
+				seen[last] = true
+				out = append(out, last)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
 // SystemResolver returns the first nameserver in /etc/resolv.conf as
 // host:port.
 func SystemResolver() (string, error) {
@@ -465,13 +520,17 @@ func (c *Checker) Serials(ctx context.Context, zone string, ref *uint32, targets
 			}
 			// Reported here rather than by exchange: the end carries the
 			// server's status.
-			id := c.startEvent(digLine(r.Address, port, zone, "SOA", true, t.Key))
+			key := t.Key
+			if key == nil && c.LocalKey != nil && IsLocalAddr(ip) {
+				key = c.LocalKey
+			}
+			id := c.startEvent(digLine(r.Address, port, zone, "SOA", true, key))
 			go func(r Result, key *Key) {
 				defer wg.Done()
 				c.soa(ctx, zone, key, ref, &r)
 				c.endEvent(Event{ID: id, Result: &r, RTTMs: r.RTTMs})
 				add(r)
-			}(r, t.Key)
+			}(r, key)
 		}
 	}
 	wg.Wait()
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func PolicyZones(s *model.State, p Paths) []PolicyZone {
 		}
 		// While paused, every view with blocking gets a rules zone: it
 		// lets everything through.
-		if hasRules || s.Settings.BlockingPausedUntil != nil && len(zones) > 0 {
+		if hasRules || s.Settings.BlockingPaused() && len(zones) > 0 {
 			out = append(out, PolicyZone{Name: blocking.RulesZone, ViewID: vid, View: view, File: p.rulesFile(view)})
 		}
 		out = append(out, zones...)
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ func writePolicyZones(w *confWriter, s *model.State, zones []PolicyZone, out *Ou
 			title += " for view " + z.View
 		}
 		content := blocking.RulesZoneFile(title, ViewRules(s, z.ViewID))
-		if s.Settings.BlockingPausedUntil != nil {
+		if s.Settings.BlockingPaused() {
 			content = blocking.PausedZoneFile(title)
 		}
 		out.Files = append(out.Files, &File{Path: z.File, Content: []byte(content), Mode: 0o640, Kind: KindPolicy})
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ const headerText = "Generated by Jarl. DO NOT EDIT: changes made here are overwr
 // from jarld's configuration (e.g. for query statistics).
 func Render(s *model.State, p Paths, x Extras) *Output {
 	out := &Output{Spans: map[string][]Span{}, ZoneFiles: map[int64]string{}}
-	keys := renderKeys(s)
+	keys := renderKeys(s) + renderViewKeys(s, x)
 	out.Files = append(out.Files, &File{Path: p.KeysConfig(), Content: []byte(keys), Mode: 0o640, Kind: KindKeys, Secret: true})
 	conf, spans := renderConfig(s, p, x, out)
 	out.Files = append(out.Files, &File{Path: p.MainConfig(), Content: []byte(conf), Mode: 0o640, Kind: KindConfig})
@@ -350,8 +350,8 @@ func renderConfig(s *model.State, p Paths, x Extras, out *Output) (string, []Spa
 			w.write(commentBlock("//", v.Comment))
 		}
 		w.write(fmt.Sprintf("view %s {\n", namedconf.QuoteString(v.Name)))
-		if len(v.MatchClients) > 0 {
-			writeAML(w, "match-clients", v.MatchClients)
+		if mc := viewMatchClients(s, x, v); len(mc) > 0 {
+			writeAML(w, "match-clients", mc)
 		}
 		if len(v.MatchDestinations) > 0 {
 			writeAML(w, "match-destinations", v.MatchDestinations)
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ type Extras struct {
 	// Stats, when set, makes named publish what Jarl's statistics
 	// collector reads.
 	Stats *StatsHooks
+	// ViewKeySeed, when set, gives every view a TSIG key that selects it
+	// (viewkeys.go).
+	ViewKeySeed []byte
 }

 // StatsHooks describe the statistics channel and response log Jarl needs.
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package render
+
+import (
+	"crypto/hmac"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"jarl/internal/model"
+	"jarl/internal/namedconf"
+)
+
+// View keys let Jarl choose a view regardless of where a query comes from:
+// each view gets a TSIG key, and its match-clients starts with that key
+// (after excluding the keys of the views listed after it, so no earlier
+// view takes their queries). Queries signed with a view's key always land
+// in that view. Jarl signs its own checks of this server's addresses with
+// them (a query from this host would otherwise land in whichever view
+// matches this host's address), and you can too: dig -k.
+//
+// The secrets are derived from a random seed kept in Jarl's database
+// (Extras.ViewKeySeed), so they stay the same from one apply to the next
+// and need no storage of their own. They are in keys.conf with the other
+// keys.
+
+// ViewKeyAlgorithm is the view keys' algorithm.
+const ViewKeyAlgorithm = "hmac-sha256"
+
+// ViewKeyName returns the name of a view's key.
+func ViewKeyName(view string) string { return model.ViewKeyName(view) }
+
+// IsViewKey reports whether a key name is a view key's.
+func IsViewKey(name string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSuffix(name, ".")), model.ViewKeyPrefix)
+}
+
+// ViewKeySecret returns the secret of the key of the view with this ID.
+func ViewKeySecret(seed []byte, viewID int64) string {
+	m := hmac.New(sha256.New, seed)
+	m.Write([]byte("jarl view key " + strconv.FormatInt(viewID, 10)))
+	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(m.Sum(nil))
+}
+
+// viewKeysOn reports whether view keys are rendered.
+func viewKeysOn(s *model.State, x Extras) bool { return len(x.ViewKeySeed) > 0 && len(s.Views) > 0 }
+
+// renderViewKeys returns the key statements of the views' keys.
+func renderViewKeys(s *model.State, x Extras) string {
+	if !viewKeysOn(s, x) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	sb.WriteString("\n" + commentBlock("//", "View keys: a query signed with one of these always lands in its view.\nJarl signs its own checks of this server with them; dig -k works too."))
+	for _, v := range s.OrderedViews() {
+		sb.WriteString("key " + namedconf.QuoteString(ViewKeyName(v.Name)) + " {\n\talgorithm " + ViewKeyAlgorithm + ";\n\tsecret " + namedconf.QuoteString(ViewKeySecret(x.ViewKeySeed, v.ID)) + ";\n};\n")
+	}
+	return sb.String()
+}
+
+// viewMatchClients returns a view's match-clients with the view keys in
+// front: "!key" for the keys of the views after it, then its own key, then
+// the view's own list ("any" when it has none, which is what an absent
+// match-clients means).
+func viewMatchClients(s *model.State, x Extras, v *model.View) []string {
+	if !viewKeysOn(s, x) {
+		return v.MatchClients
+	}
+	var out []string
+	after := false
+	for _, o := range s.OrderedViews() {
+		if after {
+			out = append(out, "!key "+namedconf.QuoteString(ViewKeyName(o.Name)))
+		}
+		if o.ID == v.ID {
+			after = true
+		}
+	}
+	out = append(out, "key "+namedconf.QuoteString(ViewKeyName(v.Name)))
+	if len(v.MatchClients) == 0 {
+		return append(out, "any")
+	}
+	return append(out, v.MatchClients...)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package render
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"jarl/internal/model"
+)
+
+func TestViewKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	s := model.NewState()
+	s.Views[1] = &model.View{ID: 1, Name: "internal", Position: 0, MatchClients: []string{"homelab", "localhost"}}
+	s.Views[2] = &model.View{ID: 2, Name: "external", Position: 1}
+	p := Paths{ConfigDir: "/etc/bind/jarl", ZoneDir: "/var/lib/bind/jarl", CacheDir: "/var/cache/bind/jarl"}
+	seed := []byte("0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef")
+	files := func(x Extras) (conf, keys string) {
+		for _, f := range Render(s, p, x).Files {
+			switch f.Kind {
+			case KindConfig:
+				conf = string(f.Content)
+			case KindKeys:
+				keys = string(f.Content)
+			}
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	conf, keys := files(Extras{ViewKeySeed: seed})
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		// An earlier view mustn't take a later view's key.
+		"match-clients {\n\t\t!key jarl-view-external;\n\t\tkey jarl-view-internal;\n\t\thomelab;\n\t\tlocalhost;\n\t};",
+		// A view without a list matched everyone: it still does.
+		"match-clients { key jarl-view-external; any; };",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(conf, want) {
+			t.Errorf("named.conf lacks\n%s\n---\n%s", want, conf)
+		}
+	}
+	sec := ViewKeySecret(seed, 2)
+	if !strings.Contains(keys, "key \"jarl-view-external\" {\n\talgorithm hmac-sha256;\n\tsecret \""+sec+"\";\n};") || !strings.Contains(keys, "jarl-view-internal") {
+		t.Errorf("keys.conf:\n%s", keys)
+	}
+	// The same seed gives the same secret; another seed doesn't.
+	if ViewKeySecret(seed, 2) != sec || ViewKeySecret([]byte("other"), 2) == sec || ViewKeySecret(seed, 1) == sec {
+		t.Error("secrets aren't derived from the seed and the view")
+	}
+	// Without a seed (or without views), nothing changes.
+	conf, keys = files(Extras{})
+	if strings.Contains(conf, "jarl-view-") || strings.Contains(keys, "jarl-view-") {
+		t.Errorf("view keys without a seed:\n%s", conf)
+	}
+}
@@ -376,24 +376,30 @@ func (s *Server) blockingStatus(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p *auth.
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"paused_until": st.Settings.BlockingPausedUntil})
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{"paused_until": st.Settings.BlockingPausedUntil, "paused_indefinitely": st.Settings.BlockingPausedIndefinitely})
 	return nil
 }

 // pauseBlocking: POST /blocking/pause {"minutes": 10} lets every name
-// through until then; POST /blocking/resume ends it.
+// through until then, {"indefinitely": true} until resumed; POST
+// /blocking/resume ends it.
 func (s *Server) pauseBlocking(resume bool) func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, *auth.Principal) error {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p *auth.Principal) error {
 		var in engine.BlockingPauseInput
 		if !resume {
 			var body struct {
-				Minutes int `json:"minutes"`
+				Minutes      int  `json:"minutes"`
+				Indefinitely bool `json:"indefinitely"`
 			}
 			if err := decodeJSON(r, &body); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
+			if body.Indefinitely {
+				in.Indefinitely = true
+				return s.mutate(w, r, p, "", []engine.Request{engine.NewRequest(engine.OpBlockingPause, 0, in)}, nil)
+			}
 			if body.Minutes < 1 || time.Duration(body.Minutes)*time.Minute > engine.MaxBlockingPause {
-				return badRequest("pause for 1 to %d minutes", int(engine.MaxBlockingPause/time.Minute))
+				return badRequest("pause for 1 to %d minutes, or indefinitely", int(engine.MaxBlockingPause/time.Minute))
 			}
 			until := time.Now().Add(time.Duration(body.Minutes) * time.Minute).Truncate(time.Second)
 			in.Until = &until
@@ -283,6 +283,7 @@ func (s *Server) status(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p *auth.Principa
 		resp.BlocklistErrors = s.blocklistErrors(r.Context())
 		if st, err := s.store.LoadState(r.Context()); err == nil {
 			resp.BlockingPausedUntil = st.Settings.BlockingPausedUntil
+			resp.BlockingPausedIndefinitely = st.Settings.BlockingPausedIndefinitely
 		}
 	}
 	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, resp)
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"jarl/internal/dnsname"
 	"jarl/internal/engine"
 	"jarl/internal/model"
+	"jarl/internal/render"
 	"jarl/internal/rr"
 )

@@ -92,6 +93,31 @@ func (s *Server) getView(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p *auth.Princip
 	return nil
 }

+// viewKey: GET /views/{id}/key is the TSIG key that selects the view
+// (render/viewkeys.go), with its secret: like revealing a TSIG key's, it
+// needs tsig:write and is audited.
+func (s *Server) viewKey(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p *auth.Principal) error {
+	st, err := s.state(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	v, err := s.viewByPath(r, st, p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := require(p, auth.Action{Resource: auth.ResTSIG, Write: true}); err != nil {
+		return forbidden("showing a view's key needs tsig:write")
+	}
+	seed, err := engine.ViewKeySeed(r.Context(), s.store)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	name := render.ViewKeyName(v.Name)
+	s.eng.Audit(r.Context(), p, "tsig.reveal", "view", v.ID, v.Name, "success", "view key "+name+" shown")
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]string{"name": name, "algorithm": render.ViewKeyAlgorithm, "secret": render.ViewKeySecret(seed, v.ID)})
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *Server) viewObject(r *http.Request) func(st *model.State, id int64) any {
 	return func(st *model.State, id int64) any {
 		if v := st.Views[id]; v != nil {
@@ -160,6 +160,9 @@ func (s *Server) zoneDelegation(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p *auth.
 		return badRequest("the delegation check compares the parent's delegation with the zone's NS records, so it needs a primary zone (this is a %s zone; check it where its primary is)", z.Type)
 	}
 	c := s.checker()
+	// This server's own addresses are asked too: sign those queries with
+	// the key of the zone's view, so they get that view's answer.
+	c.LocalKey = s.eng.ViewKey(r.Context(), st, z)
 	if v := r.URL.Query().Get("resolver"); v != "" {
 		// An address only, always port 53: this is a DNS resolver.
 		a, err := netip.ParseAddr(v)
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package server
 import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/netip"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -240,3 +241,34 @@ func clientNames(st *model.State, want map[netip.Addr]bool, readable func(*model
 	}
 	return ptr
 }
+
+// statsServer: GET /stats/server is the latest server statistics (named's
+// memory, CPU, cache and sockets, the host), named's client counts and
+// limits (rndc status), and the space left on the file systems Jarl and
+// named write to.
+func (s *Server) statsServer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p *auth.Principal) error {
+	if _, err := s.statsQuerier(p); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	out := map[string]any{"server": s.cfg.Stats.Server()}
+	if ns, err := s.eng.NamedStatus(r.Context()); err == nil {
+		out["named"] = map[string]string{"recursive_clients": ns.RecursiveClients, "tcp_clients": ns.TCPClients, "zones": ns.Zones,
+			"cpus": ns.CPUs, "worker_threads": ns.WorkerThreads, "last_configured": ns.LastConfigured}
+	} else {
+		out["named_error"] = err.Error()
+	}
+	paths := s.eng.Config().Paths
+	dirs := map[string]string{"zone files": paths.ZoneDir, "Jarl's cache and blocklists": paths.CacheDir, "named.conf": paths.ConfigDir}
+	labels := []string{"zone files", "Jarl's cache and blocklists", "named.conf"}
+	if lf := s.cfg.Stats.Options().LogFile; lf != "" {
+		dirs["named's logs"] = filepath.Dir(lf)
+		labels = append(labels, "named's logs")
+	}
+	if db := s.cfg.Stats.Store().Path(); db != "" {
+		dirs["statistics database"] = filepath.Dir(db)
+		labels = append(labels, "statistics database")
+	}
+	out["disks"] = stats.DiskUsage(labels, dirs)
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, out)
+	return nil
+}
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ func (s *Server) routes() {
 	m.HandleFunc("POST "+p+"/views", s.authed(s.createView))
 	m.HandleFunc("POST "+p+"/views/order", s.authed(s.reorderViews))
 	m.HandleFunc("GET "+p+"/views/{id}", s.authed(s.getView))
+	m.HandleFunc("GET "+p+"/views/{id}/key", s.authed(s.viewKey))
 	m.HandleFunc("PATCH "+p+"/views/{id}", s.authed(s.updateView))
 	m.HandleFunc("DELETE "+p+"/views/{id}", s.authed(s.deleteView))
 	m.HandleFunc("PUT "+p+"/views/{id}/color", s.authed(s.setViewColor))
@@ -156,6 +157,7 @@ func (s *Server) routes() {
 	m.HandleFunc("GET "+p+"/stats/timeline", s.authed(s.statsTimeline))
 	m.HandleFunc("GET "+p+"/stats/heatmap", s.authed(s.statsHeatmap))
 	m.HandleFunc("GET "+p+"/stats/breakdown", s.authed(s.statsBreakdown))
+	m.HandleFunc("GET "+p+"/stats/server", s.authed(s.statsServer))
 	m.HandleFunc(p+"/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", "no such API endpoint: "+r.Method+" "+r.URL.Path)
 	})
@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ type Options struct {
 	Anonymize         bool
 	Exclude           []netip.Prefix
 	Location          *time.Location // for days and log timestamps (default: local time)
+	// MainConfig is named's main configuration file; it tells named's
+	// process apart from other named processes (for its memory and CPU).
+	MainConfig string
 	// EnsureLogging turns named's response logging on (rndc responselog
 	// on). It is called at start and when named answers queries but no
 	// log lines arrive.
@@ -107,6 +110,10 @@ type Collector struct {
 	// rewritten holds queries named blocked (client#port|name) until their
 	// response line arrives.
 	rewritten map[string]bool
+	// proc is the last sample of named's process, server the latest server
+	// statistics (server.go).
+	proc   *namedProc
+	server *Server
 }

 // maxKeys bounds the per-hour maps; rarely seen keys are dropped first.
@@ -235,13 +242,17 @@ func (c *Collector) start(ctx context.Context) {
 	}
 	c.ensureLogging(ctx)
 	// The first poll is the baseline for the counters.
-	if snap, err := c.poller.Poll(ctx); err == nil {
+	snap, err := c.poller.Poll(ctx)
+	if err == nil {
 		c.prev = snap
 		t := c.now()
 		c.status.LastPoll = &t
 	} else {
 		c.status.PollError = err.Error()
 	}
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	c.sampleServer(-1, c.now(), snap)
+	c.mu.Unlock()
 	c.prune(ctx)
 	c.log.Info("statistics collector started", "query_log", c.opts.QueryLog, "statistics_channel", c.opts.StatisticsChannel)
 }
@@ -470,6 +481,10 @@ func (c *Collector) flush(ctx context.Context, final bool) {
 		}
 		c.prev = snap
 	}
+	if !final {
+		// Gauges are sampled once a minute, for the minute that ended.
+		c.sampleServer(cur-60, now, snap)
+	}
 	b := &Batch{}
 	first := c.status.FirstData == nil
 	for m, vals := range c.minutes {
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//go:build !unix
+
+package stats
+
+// DiskUsage is not available on this system.
+func DiskUsage(labels []string, paths map[string]string) []Disk { return nil }
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//go:build unix
+
+package stats
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// DiskUsage returns the space on the file systems holding paths (label ->
+// directory), one entry per file system with the labels of the paths on
+// it, in the order of labels.
+func DiskUsage(labels []string, paths map[string]string) []Disk {
+	var out []Disk
+	byDev := map[string]int{}
+	for _, l := range labels {
+		p := paths[l]
+		fi, err := os.Stat(p)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		dev := fmt.Sprint(p)
+		if st, ok := fi.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t); ok {
+			dev = fmt.Sprint(st.Dev)
+		}
+		if i, ok := byDev[dev]; ok {
+			out[i].Holds = append(out[i].Holds, l)
+			continue
+		}
+		var fs syscall.Statfs_t
+		if err := syscall.Statfs(p, &fs); err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		byDev[dev] = len(out)
+		out = append(out, Disk{Path: p, Holds: []string{l}, Total: int64(fs.Blocks) * int64(fs.Bsize), Free: int64(fs.Bavail) * int64(fs.Bsize)})
+	}
+	return out
+}
@@ -15,19 +15,31 @@ import (
 type Snapshot struct {
 	BootTime string
 	Values   map[string]int64
+	// Gauges are named's current values (memory, cache size, sockets),
+	// not counters.
+	Gauges     map[string]int64
+	Version    string
+	ConfigTime string
 }

-// serverJSON is the part of /json/v1/server Jarl uses.
+// serverJSON is the part of /json/v1 Jarl uses.
 type serverJSON struct {
-	BootTime string           `json:"boot-time"`
-	Opcodes  map[string]int64 `json:"opcodes"`
-	RCodes   map[string]int64 `json:"rcodes"`
-	QTypes   map[string]int64 `json:"qtypes"`
-	NSStats  map[string]int64 `json:"nsstats"`
-	Views    map[string]struct {
+	BootTime   string           `json:"boot-time"`
+	ConfigTime string           `json:"config-time"`
+	Version    string           `json:"version"`
+	SockStats  map[string]int64 `json:"sockstats"`
+	Memory     struct {
+		InUse int64 `json:"InUse"`
+	} `json:"memory"`
+	Opcodes map[string]int64 `json:"opcodes"`
+	RCodes  map[string]int64 `json:"rcodes"`
+	QTypes  map[string]int64 `json:"qtypes"`
+	NSStats map[string]int64 `json:"nsstats"`
+	Views   map[string]struct {
 		Resolver struct {
 			Stats      map[string]int64 `json:"stats"`
 			CacheStats map[string]int64 `json:"cachestats"`
+			Cache      map[string]int64 `json:"cache"` // RRsets in the cache by type
 		} `json:"resolver"`
 	} `json:"views"`
 }
@@ -77,7 +89,21 @@ func Flatten(body []byte) (*Snapshot, error) {
 			v[name] = n
 		}
 	}
+	g := map[string]int64{"named:mem": j.Memory.InUse,
+		"named:recursion-highwater": j.NSStats["RecursHighwater"], "named:tcp-highwater": j.NSStats["TCPConnHighWater"]}
+	for k, n := range j.SockStats {
+		switch {
+		case strings.HasPrefix(k, "UDP") && strings.HasSuffix(k, "Active"):
+			g["sockets:udp"] += n
+		case strings.HasPrefix(k, "TCP") && strings.HasSuffix(k, "Active"):
+			g["sockets:tcp"] += n
+		}
+	}
 	for _, view := range j.Views {
+		g["cache:mem"] += view.Resolver.CacheStats["TreeMemInUse"] + view.Resolver.CacheStats["HeapMemInUse"]
+		for _, n := range view.Resolver.Cache {
+			g["cache:rrsets"] += n
+		}
 		for k, name := range rttKeys {
 			v[name] += view.Resolver.Stats[k]
 		}
@@ -92,7 +118,7 @@ func Flatten(body []byte) (*Snapshot, error) {
 			delete(v, k)
 		}
 	}
-	return &Snapshot{BootTime: j.BootTime, Values: v}, nil
+	return &Snapshot{BootTime: j.BootTime, Values: v, Gauges: g, Version: j.Version, ConfigTime: j.ConfigTime}, nil
 }

 // Delta returns the change from prev to cur. When named restarted (its
@@ -120,13 +146,13 @@ func Delta(prev, cur *Snapshot) map[string]int64 {

 // Poller reads named's statistics channel.
 type Poller struct {
-	URL    string // e.g. http://127.0.0.1:8058/json/v1/server
+	URL    string // e.g. http://127.0.0.1:8058/json/v1 (server, memory and sockets)
 	Client *http.Client
 }

 // NewPoller returns a poller for a statistics channel address.
 func NewPoller(addr string) *Poller {
-	return &Poller{URL: "http://" + addr + "/json/v1/server", Client: &http.Client{Timeout: 10 * time.Second}}
+	return &Poller{URL: "http://" + addr + "/json/v1", Client: &http.Client{Timeout: 10 * time.Second}}
 }

 // Poll fetches a snapshot.
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+package stats
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Server statistics from /proc: named's process and the host. They need no
+// privileges: /proc/PID/stat and /proc/PID/status are readable by every
+// user (unless /proc is mounted with hidepid).
+
+// clockTicks is USER_HZ, the unit of the CPU times in /proc/PID/stat. It
+// is 100 on every Linux architecture Jarl runs on.
+const clockTicks = 100
+
+// procRoot is where /proc is (tests point it elsewhere).
+var procRoot = "/proc"
+
+// namedProc is a sample of named's process.
+type namedProc struct {
+	PID     int
+	RSS     int64 // bytes
+	Threads int64
+	CPU     int64 // user + system time, in clock ticks
+	At      time.Time
+}
+
+// findNamed returns the PID of named: the process named "named" whose
+// command line mentions mainConfig, or else the oldest one (the lowest
+// PID). 0 when there is none.
+func findNamed(mainConfig string) int {
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(procRoot)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	best := 0
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		pid, err := strconv.Atoi(e.Name())
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		comm, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(procRoot, e.Name(), "comm"))
+		if err != nil || strings.TrimSpace(string(comm)) != "named" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if mainConfig != "" {
+			if cmd, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(procRoot, e.Name(), "cmdline")); err == nil && bytes.Contains(cmd, []byte(mainConfig)) {
+				return pid
+			}
+		}
+		if best == 0 || pid < best {
+			best = pid
+		}
+	}
+	return best
+}
+
+// readNamedProc samples a process.
+func readNamedProc(pid int, now time.Time) (*namedProc, bool) {
+	dir := filepath.Join(procRoot, strconv.Itoa(pid))
+	stat, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "stat"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	// The command name is in parentheses and may contain spaces: the
+	// fields that follow start after the last ')'.
+	i := bytes.LastIndexByte(stat, ')')
+	if i < 0 {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	f := strings.Fields(string(stat[i+1:]))
+	// f[0] is field 3 (state); utime and stime are fields 14 and 15.
+	if len(f) < 13 {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	utime, _ := strconv.ParseInt(f[11], 10, 64)
+	stime, _ := strconv.ParseInt(f[12], 10, 64)
+	p := &namedProc{PID: pid, CPU: utime + stime, At: now}
+	status, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "status"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(string(status), "\n") {
+		k, v, ok := strings.Cut(line, ":")
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch k {
+		case "VmRSS":
+			p.RSS = kib(v)
+		case "Threads":
+			p.Threads, _ = strconv.ParseInt(strings.TrimSpace(v), 10, 64)
+		}
+	}
+	return p, true
+}
+
+// kib parses a "1234 kB" value from /proc into bytes.
+func kib(v string) int64 {
+	n, _ := strconv.ParseInt(strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimSpace(v), "kB")), 10, 64)
+	return n * 1024
+}
+
+// Host is the machine's memory, load and uptime.
+type Host struct {
+	MemTotal     int64     `json:"mem_total"`
+	MemAvailable int64     `json:"mem_available"`
+	Load         []float64 `json:"load"` // 1, 5 and 15 minutes
+	CPUs         int       `json:"cpus"`
+	Uptime       int64     `json:"uptime"` // seconds
+}
+
+func readHost() *Host {
+	h := &Host{CPUs: runtime.NumCPU()}
+	if b, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(procRoot, "meminfo")); err == nil {
+		for _, line := range strings.Split(string(b), "\n") {
+			k, v, _ := strings.Cut(line, ":")
+			switch k {
+			case "MemTotal":
+				h.MemTotal = kib(v)
+			case "MemAvailable":
+				h.MemAvailable = kib(v)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if b, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(procRoot, "loadavg")); err == nil {
+		for _, f := range strings.Fields(string(b))[:min(3, len(strings.Fields(string(b))))] {
+			x, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(f, 64)
+			h.Load = append(h.Load, x)
+		}
+	}
+	if b, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(procRoot, "uptime")); err == nil {
+		if f := strings.Fields(string(b)); len(f) > 0 {
+			x, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(f[0], 64)
+			h.Uptime = int64(x)
+		}
+	}
+	return h
+}
@@ -265,7 +265,8 @@ type Timeline struct {
 	Series []*Series `json:"series"`
 }

-// Series is one counter over time.
+// Series is one counter over time. For a gauge (g:KEY) the values are
+// averages, and -1 where there is no sample.
 type Series struct {
 	Key    string  `json:"key"`
 	Values []int64 `json:"values"`
@@ -340,8 +341,8 @@ func (q *Querier) Timeline(ctx context.Context, since time.Duration, step string
 		expanded = append(expanded, k)
 	}
 	tl := &Timeline{Step: st.name, Times: starts, Series: []*Series{}}
-	for _, k := range expanded {
-		raw, err := q.Store.series(ctx, st.res, from, to, k)
+	bucketed := func(key string) ([]int64, error) {
+		raw, err := q.Store.series(ctx, st.res, from, to, key)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -356,6 +357,28 @@ func (q *Querier) Timeline(ctx context.Context, since time.Duration, step string
 				vals[i] += v
 			}
 		}
+		return vals, nil
+	}
+	for _, k := range expanded {
+		vals, err := bucketed(k)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		// A gauge (g:KEY) is the average of its samples: its sum divided
+		// by gn:KEY, their number. A bucket without samples is -1.
+		if g, ok := strings.CutPrefix(k, "g:"); ok {
+			n, err := bucketed("gn:" + g)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			for i := range vals {
+				if n[i] > 0 {
+					vals[i] /= n[i]
+				} else {
+					vals[i] = -1
+				}
+			}
+		}
 		tl.Series = append(tl.Series, &Series{Key: k, Values: vals})
 	}
 	return tl, nil
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package stats
+
+import "time"
+
+// Server is the latest server statistics: named's process, memory, cache
+// and sockets, and the host's memory and load. It is sampled with the
+// counters, once a minute.
+type Server struct {
+	At         time.Time `json:"at"`
+	Version    string    `json:"version,omitempty"`
+	BootTime   string    `json:"boot_time,omitempty"`
+	ConfigTime string    `json:"config_time,omitempty"`
+	// From /proc (0 when named's process isn't visible).
+	PID        int     `json:"pid,omitempty"`
+	RSS        int64   `json:"rss,omitempty"` // resident memory, bytes
+	Threads    int64   `json:"threads,omitempty"`
+	CPUPercent float64 `json:"cpu_percent"` // of one CPU, over the last minute
+	// From the statistics channel.
+	MemInUse           int64 `json:"mem_in_use"` // named's own count of the memory it uses
+	CacheRRsets        int64 `json:"cache_rrsets"`
+	CacheMem           int64 `json:"cache_mem"`
+	SocketsUDP         int64 `json:"sockets_udp"`
+	SocketsTCP         int64 `json:"sockets_tcp"`
+	RecursionHighwater int64 `json:"recursion_highwater"` // most recursive clients at once since named started
+	TCPHighwater       int64 `json:"tcp_highwater"`
+	Host               *Host `json:"host"`
+}
+
+// Gauge keys: each is stored as two counters, "g:KEY" (the sum of the
+// minute samples) and "gn:KEY" (their number), so hours and days add up
+// like counters and a bucket's value is their average (see Timeline).
+const (
+	GaugeRSS      = "named:rss"
+	GaugeMem      = "named:mem"
+	GaugeCPU      = "named:cpu" // tenths of a percent of one CPU
+	GaugeCacheMem = "cache:mem"
+	GaugeCacheRRs = "cache:rrsets"
+	GaugeHostMem  = "host:mem-used"
+	GaugeHostLoad = "host:load" // the 1-minute load average, times 100
+)
+
+// gauge records a sample of a gauge for a minute (none when minute < 0).
+func (c *Collector) gauge(minute int64, key string, v int64) {
+	if minute < 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	c.count(minute, "g:"+key, v)
+	c.count(minute, "gn:"+key, 1)
+}
+
+// sampleServer records the gauges for a minute and keeps the latest
+// values (minute -1: only those). snap is nil when named's statistics
+// channel didn't answer.
+// Called with c.mu held.
+func (c *Collector) sampleServer(minute int64, now time.Time, snap *Snapshot) {
+	srv := &Server{At: now, Host: readHost()}
+	if c.proc == nil || c.proc.PID == 0 {
+		c.proc = &namedProc{PID: findNamed(c.opts.MainConfig)}
+	}
+	p, ok := readNamedProc(c.proc.PID, now)
+	if !ok {
+		// named restarted with a new PID: look again next minute.
+		c.proc = nil
+	} else {
+		srv.PID, srv.RSS, srv.Threads = p.PID, p.RSS, p.Threads
+		if prev := c.proc; prev.At.Before(now) && !prev.At.IsZero() && p.CPU >= prev.CPU {
+			// Tenths of a percent of one CPU: ticks / clockTicks is CPU seconds.
+			permille := (p.CPU - prev.CPU) * 1000 / clockTicks / max(int64(now.Sub(prev.At)/time.Second), 1)
+			srv.CPUPercent = float64(permille) / 10
+			c.gauge(minute, GaugeCPU, permille)
+		}
+		c.proc = p
+		c.gauge(minute, GaugeRSS, p.RSS)
+	}
+	if h := srv.Host; h.MemTotal > 0 {
+		c.gauge(minute, GaugeHostMem, h.MemTotal-h.MemAvailable)
+	}
+	if h := srv.Host; len(h.Load) > 0 {
+		c.gauge(minute, GaugeHostLoad, int64(h.Load[0]*100))
+	}
+	if snap != nil && snap.Gauges != nil {
+		g := snap.Gauges
+		srv.Version, srv.BootTime, srv.ConfigTime = snap.Version, snap.BootTime, snap.ConfigTime
+		srv.MemInUse, srv.CacheRRsets, srv.CacheMem = g["named:mem"], g["cache:rrsets"], g["cache:mem"]
+		srv.SocketsUDP, srv.SocketsTCP = g["sockets:udp"], g["sockets:tcp"]
+		srv.RecursionHighwater, srv.TCPHighwater = g["named:recursion-highwater"], g["named:tcp-highwater"]
+		c.gauge(minute, GaugeMem, srv.MemInUse)
+		c.gauge(minute, GaugeCacheMem, srv.CacheMem)
+		c.gauge(minute, GaugeCacheRRs, srv.CacheRRsets)
+	}
+	c.server = srv
+}
+
+// Server returns the latest server statistics (nil before the first
+// minute).
+func (c *Collector) Server() *Server {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	if c.server == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	s := *c.server
+	return &s
+}
+
+// Disk is the space on a file system Jarl and named use.
+type Disk struct {
+	Path  string   `json:"path"`  // the first of the directories on it
+	Holds []string `json:"holds"` // what is on it: zone files, logs, ...
+	Total int64    `json:"total"`
+	Free  int64    `json:"free"` // available to unprivileged users
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package stats
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestProc(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	old := procRoot
+	procRoot = root
+	defer func() { procRoot = old }()
+	proc := func(pid, comm, cmdline string, utime, stime int) {
+		d := filepath.Join(root, pid)
+		os.MkdirAll(d, 0o755)
+		os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(d, "comm"), []byte(comm+"\n"), 0o644)
+		os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(d, "cmdline"), []byte(cmdline), 0o644)
+		// The command name may hold spaces and parentheses.
+		stat := pid + " (" + comm + " (x)) S 1 1 1 0 -1 4194560 100 0 0 0 " + strconv.Itoa(utime) + " " + strconv.Itoa(stime) + " 0 0 20 0 9 0 100 0 0\n"
+		os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(d, "stat"), []byte(stat), 0o644)
+		os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(d, "status"), []byte("Name:\t"+comm+"\nVmRSS:\t  51200 kB\nThreads:\t9\n"), 0o644)
+	}
+	proc("90", "named", "/usr/sbin/named\x00-c\x00/etc/other.conf", 1, 1)
+	proc("120", "named", "/usr/sbin/named\x00-c\x00/etc/bind/named.conf\x00-u\x00bind", 300, 100)
+	proc("130", "bash", "bash", 0, 0)
+	if pid := findNamed("/etc/bind/named.conf"); pid != 120 {
+		t.Errorf("findNamed = %d, want the one with the config", pid)
+	}
+	if pid := findNamed("/nowhere.conf"); pid != 90 {
+		t.Errorf("findNamed without a match = %d, want the oldest", pid)
+	}
+	now := time.Unix(1_000_000, 0)
+	p, ok := readNamedProc(120, now)
+	if !ok || p.RSS != 51200*1024 || p.Threads != 9 || p.CPU != 400 {
+		t.Fatalf("readNamedProc = %+v, %v", p, ok)
+	}
+	os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(root, "meminfo"), []byte("MemTotal:  4000000 kB\nMemFree: 100 kB\nMemAvailable:  3000000 kB\n"), 0o644)
+	os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(root, "loadavg"), []byte("0.52 0.40 0.31 1/300 4242\n"), 0o644)
+	os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(root, "uptime"), []byte("86400.12 1000.0\n"), 0o644)
+	h := readHost()
+	if h.MemTotal != 4000000*1024 || h.MemAvailable != 3000000*1024 || len(h.Load) != 3 || h.Load[0] != 0.52 || h.Uptime != 86400 {
+		t.Errorf("readHost = %+v", h)
+	}
+
+	// Two samples a minute apart: 30 seconds of CPU time is 50%.
+	c := &Collector{minutes: map[int64]map[string]int64{}, opts: Options{MainConfig: "/etc/bind/named.conf"}}
+	snap := &Snapshot{Gauges: map[string]int64{"named:mem": 1000, "cache:rrsets": 7, "cache:mem": 300, "sockets:tcp": 2}, Version: "9.20"}
+	c.sampleServer(-1, now, snap)
+	if len(c.minutes) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("minute -1 recorded gauges: %v", c.minutes)
+	}
+	proc("120", "named", "/usr/sbin/named\x00-c\x00/etc/bind/named.conf", 2800, 600) // +3000 ticks = 30 s
+	c.sampleServer(600, now.Add(time.Minute), snap)
+	s := c.Server()
+	if s.PID != 120 || s.CPUPercent != 50 || s.RSS != 51200*1024 || s.CacheRRsets != 7 || s.SocketsTCP != 2 || s.Version != "9.20" {
+		t.Errorf("server = %+v", s)
+	}
+	m := c.minutes[600]
+	if m["g:"+GaugeCPU] != 500 || m["gn:"+GaugeCPU] != 1 || m["g:"+GaugeMem] != 1000 || m["g:"+GaugeHostLoad] != 52 {
+		t.Errorf("gauges = %v", m)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGaugeTimeline(t *testing.T) {
+	store, err := OpenStore(":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer store.Close()
+	now := time.Unix(1_800_000_000, 0)
+	start := now.Unix() - now.Unix()%300 - 600 // two 5-minute buckets ago
+	b := &Batch{}
+	for i := int64(0); i < 5; i++ {
+		b.AddCounters(ResMinute, start+i*60, map[string]int64{"g:named:rss": 100 + i*10, "gn:named:rss": 1})
+	}
+	// The next bucket has no samples.
+	if err := store.Commit(context.Background(), b); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	q := &Querier{Store: store, Opts: Options{RetainMinute: 7 * 24 * time.Hour, RetainHour: 90 * 24 * time.Hour}, Now: func() time.Time { return now }}
+	tl, err := q.Timeline(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute, "5m", []string{"g:named:rss"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	vals := map[int64]int64{}
+	for i, ts := range tl.Times {
+		vals[ts] = tl.Series[0].Values[i]
+	}
+	if vals[start] != 120 || vals[start+300] != -1 {
+		t.Errorf("gauge timeline = %v (times %v)", tl.Series[0].Values, tl.Times)
+	}
+}
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ const (

 // Store is the statistics database.
 type Store struct {
-	db *sql.DB
+	db   *sql.DB
+	path string
 }

 var schema = []string{
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ func OpenStore(path string) (*Store, error) {
 	if path == ":memory:" {
 		db.SetMaxOpenConns(1)
 	}
-	s := &Store{db: db}
+	s := &Store{db: db, path: path}
 	if err := s.migrate(); err != nil {
 		db.Close()
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("statistics database %s: %w", path, err)
@@ -70,6 +71,14 @@ func OpenStore(path string) (*Store, error) {
 	return s, nil
 }

+// Path returns the database file ("" in memory).
+func (s *Store) Path() string {
+	if s.path == ":memory:" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return s.path
+}
+
 // Close closes the database.
 func (s *Store) Close() error { return s.db.Close() }

@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ func (c *checker) checkKeys() {
 			c.errf("key_name_invalid", "key", k.ID, "TSIG key has no name")
 		} else if err := dnsname.CheckZoneName(dnsname.Fqdn(k.Name)); err != nil {
 			c.errf("key_name_invalid", "key", k.ID, "%s: invalid name: %v", label, err)
+		} else if strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(k.Name), model.ViewKeyPrefix) {
+			c.errf("key_name_reserved", "key", k.ID, "%s: names starting with %s are kept for the keys Jarl gives views", label, model.ViewKeyPrefix)
 		}
 		minLen, ok := TSIGAlgorithms[k.Algorithm]
 		if !ok {
@@ -126,6 +126,10 @@ func State(s *model.State, opts Options) []Problem {
 	for _, k := range s.Keys {
 		c.keyNames[k.Name] = true
 	}
+	// The views' own keys (render/viewkeys.go) may be referred to too.
+	for _, v := range s.Views {
+		c.keyNames[model.NormalizeKeyName(model.ViewKeyName(v.Name))] = true
+	}
 	for _, k := range opts.ExternalKeys {
 		c.keyNames[model.NormalizeKeyName(k)] = true
 	}
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ const routes = [
  { pattern: /^zones$/, page: zones, nav: "zones" },
  { pattern: /^zones\/(\d+)(?:\/(\w+))?$/, page: zone, nav: "zones", params: ["id", "tab"] },
  { pattern: /^views$/, page: views, nav: "views" },
+  { pattern: /^views\/(\d+)(?:\/(\w+))?$/, page: views, nav: "views", params: ["id", "tab"] },
  { pattern: /^acls$/, page: acls, nav: "acls" },
  { pattern: /^keys$/, page: keys, nav: "keys" },
  { pattern: /^options$/, page: options, nav: "options" },
@@ -125,10 +125,19 @@ export function legend(series) {
    h("li", null, h("span", { class: "key line s" + s.slot }), s.label)));
 }

+// endLabelWidth is the room lineChart needs for the end labels of series.
+export function endLabelWidth(series) {
+  return series.length > 1 && series.length <= 4 ? Math.max(...series.map((s) => s.label.length)) * 7 + 12 : 8;
+}
+
 // lineChart draws series over time. series: [{label, values, slot}] (slot
 // = categorical color 1..3); times: bucket starts (Unix seconds); step in
 // seconds. With area, the first series gets a 10% wash under its line.
-export function lineChart({ series, times, step, area = false, height = 220, endLabels = true }) {
+// gutter {left, right} sets the least room for the axis labels and the end
+// labels: charts shown one above the other pass the same gutter, so their
+// time axes line up. format formats values (axis and readout); a null
+// value is a gap in the line (no data for that time).
+export function lineChart({ series, times, step, area = false, height = 220, endLabels = true, gutter = {}, format = compact }) {
  const root = h("div", { class: "chart", tabindex: "0", "aria-label": series.map((s) => s.label).join(", ") + " over time" });
  const tip = tooltip();
  root.append(tip);
@@ -139,12 +148,12 @@ export function lineChart({ series, times, step, area = false, height = 220, end
    if (!w || w === width) return;
    width = w;
    root.querySelector("svg")?.remove();
-    const max = Math.max(1, ...series.flatMap((s) => s.values));
+    const max = Math.max(1, ...series.flatMap((s) => s.values).filter((v) => v != null));
    const yTicks = niceTicks(max, 4);
    const yMax = yTicks[yTicks.length - 1];
-    const labelW = Math.max(...yTicks.map((t) => compact(t).length)) * 7 + 10;
-    const endW = endLabels && series.length > 1 && series.length <= 4 ? Math.max(...series.map((s) => s.label.length)) * 7 + 12 : 8;
-    const m = { top: 10, right: endW, bottom: 24, left: labelW };
+    const labelW = Math.max(...yTicks.map((t) => format(t).length)) * 7 + 10;
+    const endW = endLabels ? endLabelWidth(series) : 8;
+    const m = { top: 10, right: Math.max(endW, gutter.right || 0), bottom: 24, left: Math.max(labelW, gutter.left || 0) };
    const pw = Math.max(40, w - m.left - m.right), ph = height - m.top - m.bottom;
    const t0 = times[0], t1 = times[times.length - 1] + step;
    const x = (t) => m.left + ((t - t0) / Math.max(1, t1 - t0)) * pw;
@@ -154,7 +163,7 @@ export function lineChart({ series, times, step, area = false, height = 220, end
    // Grid and axes.
    for (const t of yTicks) {
      s.append(svg("line", { class: t === 0 ? "axis" : "grid", x1: m.left, x2: m.left + pw, y1: y(t), y2: y(t) }));
-      s.append(svg("text", { class: "tick", x: m.left - 6, y: y(t) + 4, "text-anchor": "end" }, compact(t)));
+      s.append(svg("text", { class: "tick", x: m.left - 6, y: y(t) + 4, "text-anchor": "end" }, format(t)));
    }
    const { ticks, step: tstep } = timeTicks(t0, t1, Math.max(2, Math.floor(pw / 90)));
    for (const t of ticks) {
@@ -162,17 +171,21 @@ export function lineChart({ series, times, step, area = false, height = 220, end
    }
    // Series.
    series.forEach((sr, k) => {
-      const pts = sr.values.map((v, i) => [cx(i), y(v)]);
-      const d = pts.map((p, i) => (i ? "L" : "M") + p[0].toFixed(1) + " " + p[1].toFixed(1)).join("");
-      if (area && k === 0 && pts.length) {
+      // A gap (null) starts a new piece of line.
+      const pts = sr.values.map((v, i) => (v == null ? null : [cx(i), y(v)]));
+      const d = pts.map((p, i) => (p ? (i && pts[i - 1] ? "L" : "M") + p[0].toFixed(1) + " " + p[1].toFixed(1) : "")).join("");
+      if (area && k === 0 && pts.length && pts.every(Boolean)) {
        s.append(svg("path", { class: "area s" + sr.slot, d: d + `L${pts[pts.length - 1][0].toFixed(1)} ${y(0)}L${pts[0][0].toFixed(1)} ${y(0)}Z` }));
      }
      s.append(svg("path", { class: "line s" + sr.slot, d }));
-      if (pts.length === 1) s.append(svg("circle", { class: "dot s" + sr.slot, cx: pts[0][0], cy: pts[0][1], r: 4 }));
+      // A point without neighbours has no line: show it as a dot.
+      pts.forEach((p, i) => {
+        if (p && !pts[i - 1] && !pts[i + 1]) s.append(svg("circle", { class: "dot s" + sr.slot, cx: p[0], cy: p[1], r: 3 }));
+      });
    });
    // Direct end labels when there is room and they don't collide.
    if (m.right > 8) {
-      const ends = series.map((sr) => ({ label: sr.label, y: y(sr.values[sr.values.length - 1] || 0) })).sort((a, b) => a.y - b.y);
+      const ends = series.map((sr) => ({ label: sr.label, y: y(sr.values.findLast((v) => v != null) || 0) })).sort((a, b) => a.y - b.y);
      if (ends.every((e, i) => i === 0 || e.y - ends[i - 1].y >= 13)) {
        for (const e of ends) s.append(svg("text", { class: "end-label", x: m.left + pw + 6, y: e.y + 4 }, e.label));
      }
@@ -205,13 +218,13 @@ export function lineChart({ series, times, step, area = false, height = 220, end
    geom.cross.setAttribute("visibility", "visible");
    series.forEach((sr, k) => {
      geom.dots[k].setAttribute("cx", xpos);
-      geom.dots[k].setAttribute("cy", geom.y(sr.values[i]));
-      geom.dots[k].setAttribute("visibility", "visible");
+      geom.dots[k].setAttribute("cy", geom.y(sr.values[i] ?? 0));
+      geom.dots[k].setAttribute("visibility", sr.values[i] == null ? "hidden" : "visible");
    });
    tip.replaceChildren(
      h("div", { class: "tip-head" }, bucketLabel(times[i], step)),
      ...series.map((sr) => h("div", { class: "tip-row" },
-        h("span", { class: "key line s" + sr.slot }), h("strong", null, sr.values[i].toLocaleString()), " ", h("span", { class: "muted" }, sr.label))));
+        h("span", { class: "key line s" + sr.slot }), h("strong", null, sr.values[i] == null ? "–" : format === compact ? sr.values[i].toLocaleString() : format(sr.values[i])), " ", h("span", { class: "muted" }, sr.label))));
    tip.hidden = false;
    // Keep the readout inside the chart, on the far side of the pointer.
    const left = xpos > root.clientWidth / 2 ? xpos - tip.offsetWidth - 12 : xpos + 12;
@@ -242,12 +255,13 @@ export function lineChart({ series, times, step, area = false, height = 220, end

 // timeTable is the table view of a line chart (busiest buckets first is
 // not useful here: keep time order, newest first).
-export function timeTable(series, times, step) {
+export function timeTable(series, times, step, format) {
+  const cell = (v) => (v == null ? "–" : format ? format(v) : v.toLocaleString());
  const rows = times.map((t, i) => ({ t, i })).reverse();
  return h("div", { class: "table-wrap scroll" }, h("table", null,
    h("thead", null, h("tr", null, h("th", null, "Time"), series.map((s) => h("th", { class: "num" }, s.label)))),
    h("tbody", null, rows.map((r) => h("tr", null, h("td", null, bucketLabel(r.t, step)),
-      series.map((s) => h("td", { class: "num" }, s.values[r.i].toLocaleString())))))));
+      series.map((s) => h("td", { class: "num" }, cell(s.values[r.i]))))))));
 }

 // heatmap draws average activity by weekday (rows, Monday first) and hour
@@ -39,15 +39,15 @@ export async function render(el, params, query) {
    } catch (e) { mount(checkOut, errorBox(e)); }
  };

-  const paused = status.paused_until;
+  const paused = status.paused_until || status.paused_indefinitely;
  mount(el,
    h("div", { class: "page-head" },
      h("div", { class: "grow" }, h("h1", null, "Blocking"),
        h("div", { class: "muted" }, "Answer \"doesn't exist\" for ads, trackers and malware, for the devices that use this server to resolve names. Your rules come first, then the blocklists.")),
      writable && !paused && (lists.length || rules.length) ? pauseControls() : null),
    paused ? h("div", { class: "msg warn" },
-      h("strong", null, "Blocking is paused until " + new Date(paused).toLocaleTimeString([], { hour: "2-digit", minute: "2-digit" }) + ": "),
-      "every name is answered normally. It resumes by itself. ",
+      h("strong", null, status.paused_indefinitely ? "Blocking is paused: " : "Blocking is paused until " + new Date(paused).toLocaleTimeString([], { hour: "2-digit", minute: "2-digit", hourCycle: "h23" }) + ": "),
+      status.paused_indefinitely ? "every name is answered normally until you resume it. " : "every name is answered normally. It resumes by itself. ",
      writable ? h("button", { class: "small", onclick: () => pause(0) }, "Resume now") : null) : null,
    h("div", { class: "panel" },
      h("form", { class: "actions", onsubmit: runCheck },
@@ -61,20 +61,22 @@ export async function render(el, params, query) {
  // show it when it happens.
  let wait = 0;
  if (lists.some((l) => l.state === "waiting")) wait = 4000;
-  if (paused) wait = Math.max(1000, Math.min(wait || Infinity, new Date(paused) - Date.now() + 3000));
+  if (status.paused_until) wait = Math.max(1000, Math.min(wait || Infinity, new Date(status.paused_until) - Date.now() + 3000));
  if (wait) refreshTimer = setTimeout(() => { if (location.hash.startsWith("#/blocking") && el.isConnected) rerender(); }, wait);
 }

 function pauseControls() {
-  const length = select([["5", "5 minutes"], ["15", "15 minutes"], ["60", "1 hour"], ["240", "4 hours"]], "15");
+  const length = select([["5", "5 minutes"], ["15", "15 minutes"], ["60", "1 hour"], ["240", "4 hours"], ["-1", "Until I resume"]], "15");
  return h("div", { class: "actions" }, length, h("button", { title: "Answer every name normally for a while, to see whether blocking is what breaks something", onclick: () => pause(Number(length.value)) }, "Pause blocking"));
 }

-// pause pauses blocking for minutes, or resumes it (0). It applies at
-// once, also with a draft open: it's for trying something now.
+// pause pauses blocking for minutes (-1: until resumed), or resumes it
+// (0). It applies at once, also with a draft open: it's for trying
+// something now.
 async function pause(minutes) {
  try {
-    await api("POST", minutes ? "/blocking/pause" : "/blocking/resume", minutes ? { body: { minutes } } : {});
+    const body = minutes < 0 ? { indefinitely: true } : { minutes };
+    await api("POST", minutes ? "/blocking/pause" : "/blocking/resume", minutes ? { body } : {});
    toast(minutes ? "Blocking paused" : "Blocking resumed");
    rerender();
  } catch (e) { toast(e.message, "err", 8000); }
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ export async function render(el) {
    card("Jarl", s.adopted ? badge("active", "ok") : badge("not adopted", "warn"),
      s.adopted ? "named loads Jarl's configuration" : "named does not load Jarl's configuration yet — run 'jarld adopt' on the server"),
    card("Zones", (s.counts || {}).zones ?? "–", plural((s.counts || {}).records || 0, "record") + " · " + plural((s.counts || {}).views || 0, "view")),
-    card("Access", plural((s.counts || {}).acls || 0, "ACL"), plural((s.counts || {}).tsig_keys || 0, "TSIG key") + " · " + plural((s.counts || {}).options || 0, "option")),
+    card("Access", plural((s.counts || {}).acls || 0, "ACL"), plural((s.counts || {}).tsig_keys || 0, "TSIG key")),
+    card("Options", (s.counts || {}).options ?? "–", "server, view, zone and top-level"),
    st.backup ? backupCard(st.backup) : null,
  );
  const last = s.last_applied;
@@ -44,6 +45,10 @@ export async function render(el) {
    parts.push(h("div", { class: "msg info" },
      h("strong", null, "Blocking is paused until " + fmtTime(st.blocking_paused_until) + "."), " It resumes by itself. ", h("a", { href: "#/blocking" }, "Blocking")));
  }
+  if (st.blocking_paused_indefinitely) {
+    parts.push(h("div", { class: "msg warn" },
+      h("strong", null, "Blocking is paused until someone resumes it."), " Every name is answered normally. ", h("a", { href: "#/blocking" }, "Blocking")));
+  }
  for (const e of st.blocklist_errors || []) {
    parts.push(h("div", { class: "msg warn" },
      h("strong", null, "Blocklist " + e.name + " couldn't be updated: "), e.error + ". ",
@@ -32,8 +32,9 @@ function valueWidget(stmt, value, ctx) {
    // Statements such as allow-transfer and listen-on take an address
    // match list after optional parameters: suggest names at the cursor.
    const takesList = stmt && /address_match_element/.test(stmt.grammar || "");
-    if (takesList && !value) t.placeholder = "{ homelab; key xfer-key; }";
-    return { el: h("div", null, t, takesList && ctx ? suggestions(t, ctx, { mode: "inline" }) : null), get: () => t.value.trim() };
+    if (takesList && !value) t.placeholder = "homelab; key xfer-key";
+    return { el: h("div", null, t, takesList && ctx ? suggestions(t, ctx, { mode: "inline" }) : null), get: () => t.value.trim(),
+      hint: takesList ? "The { } around the list are optional: 10.0.0.53; key xfer-key becomes { 10.0.0.53; key xfer-key; }." : null };
  }
  const i = input({ value: value || "", class: "mono" });
  return { el: i, get: () => i.value.trim() };
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import { h, mount, fmtTime, errorBox } from "../ui.js";
+import { h, mount, fmtTime, relTime, errorBox } from "../ui.js";
 import { get } from "../api.js";
-import { lineChart, chartCard, legend, timeTable, heatmap, heatmapTable, barList, compact, stepSeconds } from "../charts.js";
+import { lineChart, chartCard, legend, timeTable, heatmap, heatmapTable, barList, compact, stepSeconds, endLabelWidth } from "../charts.js";

 const ranges = [["1h", "1 hour"], ["6h", "6 hours"], ["24h", "24 hours"], ["7d", "7 days"], ["30d", "30 days"], ["90d", "90 days"]];
 const rangeSecs = { "1h": 3600, "6h": 6 * 3600, "24h": 86400, "7d": 7 * 86400, "30d": 30 * 86400, "90d": 90 * 86400 };
@@ -65,15 +65,18 @@ export async function render(el, params, query) {
  const qSeries = [{ label: "Queries", values: q.values, slot: 1 }];
  const bl = timeline.series.find((x) => x.key === "blocked");
  if (bl && bl.values.some((v) => v > 0)) qSeries.push({ label: "Blocked", values: bl.values, slot: 2 });
-  parts.push(chartCard(qSeries.length > 1 ? "Queries and blocked queries" : "Queries", "per " + stepName(timeline.step) + ", " + rangeLabel,
-    lineChart({ series: qSeries, times: timeline.times, step, area: true }), timeTable(qSeries, timeline.times, step),
-    { wide: true, legend: qSeries.length > 1 ? legend(qSeries) : null }));
-
  // Failed answers: three fixed series, legend plus end labels.
  const fSeries = failures.map((f) => ({ ...f, values: (errors.series.find((x) => x.key === f.key) || { values: errors.times.map(() => 0) }).values }));
  const anyFailures = fSeries.some((f) => f.values.some((v) => v > 0));
+  // The two charts are one above the other: the same room for labels on
+  // both sides keeps their time axes in line.
+  const gutter = { left: 52, right: Math.max(endLabelWidth(qSeries), anyFailures ? endLabelWidth(fSeries) : 0) };
+  parts.push(chartCard(qSeries.length > 1 ? "Queries and blocked queries" : "Queries", "per " + stepName(timeline.step) + ", " + rangeLabel,
+    lineChart({ series: qSeries, times: timeline.times, step, area: true, gutter }), timeTable(qSeries, timeline.times, step),
+    { wide: true, legend: qSeries.length > 1 ? legend(qSeries) : null }));
+
  parts.push(chartCard("Failed answers", "NXDOMAIN: the name doesn't exist · SERVFAIL: resolution failed · REFUSED: not allowed",
-    anyFailures ? lineChart({ series: fSeries, times: errors.times, step: stepSeconds[errors.step] }) : h("div", { class: "empty" }, "No failed answers " + rangeLabel + "."),
+    anyFailures ? lineChart({ series: fSeries, times: errors.times, step: stepSeconds[errors.step], gutter }) : h("div", { class: "empty" }, "No failed answers " + rangeLabel + "."),
    anyFailures ? timeTable(fSeries, errors.times, stepSeconds[errors.step]) : null,
    { wide: true, legend: anyFailures ? legend(fSeries) : null }));

@@ -107,6 +110,8 @@ export async function render(el, params, query) {
    b.answer.length ? listCard("Answers", "authoritative (your zones) or recursive (from the cache or the internet)", barList(b.answer)) : null,
    rtt.length ? listCard("Upstream response time", "how long other servers took to answer named's recursive queries", barList(rtt)) : null,
    b.blocklist.length ? listCard("Blocked by", "which of your rules and blocklists blocked queries", barList(b.blocklist, { label: (k) => (k === "rules" ? "your rules" : k), href: () => "#/blocking" })) : null));
+
+  parts.push(...serverSection(data.server, complete(data.gauges), rangeLabel));
  el.classList.remove("refreshing");
  mount(el, parts);
  scheduleRefresh(el, params, query, gen);
@@ -118,6 +123,8 @@ async function loadAll(since, heatSince, queryLog) {
    timeline: get("/stats/timeline", { since, key: "queries,blocked" }),
    errors: get("/stats/timeline", { since, key: failures.map((f) => f.key).join(",") }),
    heat: get("/stats/heatmap", { since: heatSince }),
+    server: get("/stats/server").catch(() => null),
+    gauges: get("/stats/timeline", { since, key: gaugeKeys.join(",") }),
  };
  const groups = ["qtype", "rcode", "view", "zone", "answer", "rtt", "blocklist"];
  groups.forEach((g) => { p["b_" + g] = get("/stats/breakdown", { group: g, since }); });
@@ -162,6 +169,63 @@ function filterRow(since) {
      h("a", { href: "#/stats?since=" + k, class: k === since ? "active" : "", "aria-current": k === since ? "true" : null, title: "last " + label }, k))));
 }

+const gaugeKeys = ["g:named:rss", "g:named:mem", "g:cache:mem", "g:named:cpu"];
+
+// serverSection shows named's process, cache, clients, the host and the
+// disks now, and named's memory and CPU over time.
+function serverSection(sv, gauges, rangeLabel) {
+  const srv = (sv && sv.server) || {};
+  const named = (sv && sv.named) || {};
+  const host = srv.host || {};
+  const out = [h("h2", { class: "section" }, "Server")];
+  const clients = (v, what) => {
+    // "now/soft/hard" or "now/limit".
+    const [now, ...limits] = (v || "").split("/");
+    return v ? [now, "of " + limits[limits.length - 1] + " allowed" + what] : null;
+  };
+  const rc = clients(named.recursive_clients, srv.recursion_highwater ? " · most at once: " + srv.recursion_highwater : "");
+  const tc = clients(named.tcp_clients, srv.tcp_highwater ? " · most at once: " + srv.tcp_highwater : "");
+  out.push(h("div", { class: "cards" },
+    tile("named memory", srv.rss ? bytes(srv.rss) : "–", srv.rss ? "resident · named counts " + bytes(srv.mem_in_use) + " · " + srv.threads + " threads" : "named's process isn't visible to jarld"),
+    tile("named CPU", srv.pid ? srv.cpu_percent.toFixed(1) + "%" : "–", "of one CPU, last minute" + (named.cpus ? " · " + named.cpus + " CPUs" : "")),
+    tile("Cache", compact(srv.cache_rrsets || 0) + " RRsets", bytes(srv.cache_mem || 0) + " of memory, all views"),
+    rc ? tile("Recursive clients", rc[0], rc[1]) : null,
+    tc ? tile("TCP clients", tc[0], tc[1]) : null,
+    tile("Up since", srv.boot_time ? relTime(srv.boot_time).replace(" ago", "") : "–", srv.config_time ? "named started " + fmtTime(srv.boot_time) + " · reconfigured " + relTime(srv.config_time) : ""),
+    host.mem_total ? tile("Host memory", pct((host.mem_total - host.mem_available) / host.mem_total), "of " + bytes(host.mem_total) + " in use · load " + (host.load || []).map((x) => x.toFixed(2)).join(" ")) : null,
+    ...((sv && sv.disks) || []).map((d) => tile("Disk space", bytes(d.free) + " free", h("span", { title: d.path }, "of " + bytes(d.total) + ", for " + d.holds.join(", "))))));
+  if (sv && sv.named_error) out.push(h("div", { class: "msg info" }, "Client counts need rndc: " + sv.named_error));
+  // Gauges over time: averages, -1 where there was no sample.
+  const series = (key) => ((gauges.series || []).find((x) => x.key === key) || { values: gauges.times.map(() => -1) }).values.map((v) => (v < 0 ? null : v));
+  const gStep = stepSeconds[gauges.step];
+  const memSeries = [
+    { label: "Resident", values: series("g:named:rss"), slot: 1 },
+    { label: "named's count", values: series("g:named:mem"), slot: 2 },
+    { label: "Cache", values: series("g:cache:mem"), slot: 3 },
+  ];
+  const cpuSeries = [{ label: "CPU", values: series("g:named:cpu").map((v) => (v == null ? null : v / 10)), slot: 1 }];
+  const any = (ss) => ss.some((x) => x.values.some((v) => v != null));
+  const gutter = { left: 64, right: endLabelWidth(memSeries) };
+  out.push(chartCard("named memory", "average per " + stepName(gauges.step) + ", " + rangeLabel + " · resident is what the system sees",
+    any(memSeries) ? lineChart({ series: memSeries, times: gauges.times, step: gStep, gutter, format: bytes }) : h("div", { class: "empty" }, "No samples yet: they are taken once a minute."),
+    any(memSeries) ? timeTable(memSeries, gauges.times, gStep, bytes) : null, { wide: true, legend: any(memSeries) ? legend(memSeries) : null }));
+  out.push(chartCard("named CPU", "percent of one CPU, average per " + stepName(gauges.step),
+    any(cpuSeries) ? lineChart({ series: cpuSeries, times: gauges.times, step: gStep, gutter, format: (v) => (Math.round(v * 10) / 10) + "%" }) : h("div", { class: "empty" }, "No samples yet."),
+    any(cpuSeries) ? timeTable(cpuSeries, gauges.times, gStep, (v) => v.toFixed(1) + "%") : null, { wide: true }));
+  return out;
+}
+
+// bytes formats a size in binary units.
+function bytes(n) {
+  const units = ["B", "KiB", "MiB", "GiB", "TiB"];
+  let i = 0;
+  while (n >= 1024 && i < units.length - 1) {
+    n /= 1024;
+    i++;
+  }
+  return (i === 0 || n >= 100 ? Math.round(n) : n.toFixed(1).replace(/\.0$/, "")) + " " + units[i];
+}
+
 function tile(label, value, sub) {
  return h("div", { class: "card stat" }, h("div", { class: "label" }, label), h("div", { class: "value big" }, value), h("div", { class: "sub" }, sub));
 }
@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
-import { h, mount, table, field, input, select, textarea, toast, errorBox, confirmDialog, modal, lines, checkbox, colorPicker, backLink, safeBack, viewHref } from "../ui.js";
+import { h, mount, table, field, input, select, textarea, toast, errorBox, confirmDialog, modal, lines, checkbox, colorPicker, backLink, safeBack, viewHref, badge } from "../ui.js";
 import { amlContext, suggestions } from "../aml.js";
 import { api, get, change, describeResult } from "../api.js";
+import { newZoneDialog, dnssecLock, pendingBadge } from "./zones.js";
 import { rerender } from "../app.js";
 import { optionsEditor } from "./options.js";

 export async function render(el, params, query) {
+  // Old links (#/views?view=ID) open the view's page.
+  if (query.get("view")) {
+    history.replaceState(null, "", viewHref(query.get("view"), query.get("back") || ""));
+    return rerender();
+  }
+  if (params.id) return viewPage(el, params, query);
  const [views, zones] = await Promise.all([get("/views"), get("/zones")]);
  const viewless = zones.filter((z) => !z.view_id);
-  const optsEl = h("div");
-  const selected = query.get("view") ? views.find((v) => String(v.id) === query.get("view")) : null;
-  // Opened from a view link on a zone or the zone list: offer the way back
-  // (kept while picking other views here).
-  const back = safeBack(query.get("back"));
  const move = async (i, d) => {
    const ids = views.map((v) => v.id);
    [ids[i], ids[i + d]] = [ids[i + d], ids[i]];
@@ -23,31 +25,83 @@ export async function render(el, params, query) {
  };
  mount(el,
    h("div", { class: "page-head" },
-      h("div", { class: "grow" }, back ? backLink(backLabel(back, zones), back) : null, h("h1", null, "Views"),
+      h("div", { class: "grow" }, h("h1", null, "Views"),
        h("div", { class: "muted" }, "A client sees the first view it matches (by source address, destination address or TSIG key). Order matters.")),
-      h("div", { class: "actions" }, h("button", { class: "primary", onclick: () => viewDialog(null, viewless) }, "New view"))),
+      h("div", { class: "actions" }, h("button", { class: "primary", onclick: () => viewDialog(viewless) }, "New view"))),
    views.length === 0 ? h("div", { class: "msg info" },
      "No views: every client sees the same zones. Views let you serve different answers to different clients, for example an internal view with private records and recursion for your LAN, and an external view with only public records.") : null,
    h("div", { class: "panel" }, table([
      { label: "#", render: (v, i) => String(i + 1) },
-      { label: "View", render: (v) => h("a", { href: viewHref(v.id, back), class: v.color ? "vc-" + v.color : null }, h("strong", null, v.name)) },
+      { label: "View", render: (v) => h("a", { href: viewHref(v.id), class: v.color ? "vc-" + v.color : null }, h("strong", null, v.name)) },
      { label: "Match clients", render: (v) => (v.match_clients || []).join("; ") || h("span", { class: "muted" }, "any"), tdClass: "data" },
      { label: "Match destinations", render: (v) => (v.match_destinations || []).join("; ") || h("span", { class: "muted" }, "any"), tdClass: "data" },
-      { label: "Zones", render: (v) => h("a", { href: "#/zones?view=" + encodeURIComponent(v.name) }, String(v.zone_count)) },
+      { label: "Zones", render: (v) => h("a", { href: viewHref(v.id) + "/zones" }, String(v.zone_count)) },
      { label: "Comment", render: (v) => h("span", { class: "muted" }, v.comment || "") },
-      { label: "", render: (v, i) => h("span", null,
-        h("button", { class: "small", disabled: i === 0, title: "Move up", onclick: () => move(i, -1) }, "↑"), " ",
-        h("button", { class: "small", disabled: i === views.length - 1, title: "Move down", onclick: () => move(i, 1) }, "↓"), " ",
-        h("button", { class: "small", onclick: () => viewDialog(v, viewless) }, "Edit"), " ",
-        h("button", { class: "small danger", onclick: () => deleteView(v) }, "Delete")), tdClass: "actions-cell" },
-    ], views, { empty: "No views.", rowClass: (v) => selected && v.id === selected.id ? "selected" : "" })),
-    selected ? optsEl : (views.length ? h("p", { class: "muted" }, "Select a view to see its options.") : null));
-  if (selected) {
-    await optionsEditor(optsEl, { scope: "view", scope_id: selected.id, catalogScope: "view", title: "Options of view " + selected.name,
-      intro: "View options override the server options for clients in this view (for example recursion and allow-recursion)." });
-    // With a long list, scroll to the selected view's options.
-    if (views.length > 3) optsEl.scrollIntoView({ block: "start" });
+      { label: "Order", render: (v, i) => h("span", null,
+        h("button", { class: "small", disabled: i === 0, title: "Move up: clients are matched against it earlier", onclick: () => move(i, -1) }, "↑"), " ",
+        h("button", { class: "small", disabled: i === views.length - 1, title: "Move down", onclick: () => move(i, 1) }, "↓")), tdClass: "actions-cell" },
+    ], views, { empty: "No views." })));
+}
+
+// viewPage is one view, laid out like a zone: its settings, its options
+// and its zones, each on a tab.
+async function viewPage(el, params, query) {
+  const id = Number(params.id);
+  const [views, zones] = await Promise.all([get("/views"), get("/zones")]);
+  const i = views.findIndex((v) => v.id === id);
+  const v = views[i];
+  const back = safeBack(query.get("back"));
+  if (!v) {
+    mount(el, backLink("Views", "#/views"), h("div", { class: "msg err" }, "View " + id + " doesn't exist (any more)."));
+    return;
  }
+  const inView = zones.filter((z) => z.view_id === id);
+  const tab = params.tab || "settings";
+  const base = viewHref(id);
+  const suffix = back ? "?back=" + encodeURIComponent(back) : "";
+  const tabs = [["settings", "Settings"], ["options", "Options"], ["zones", "Zones (" + inView.length + ")"]];
+  const head = h("div", { class: "page-head" },
+    h("div", { class: "grow" },
+      back ? backLink(backLabel(back, zones), back) : backLink("Views", "#/views"),
+      h("h1", { class: v.color ? "vc-" + v.color : null }, v.name),
+      h("div", { class: "muted" },
+        "view " + (i + 1) + " of " + views.length + " · clients: " + ((v.match_clients || []).join("; ") || "any") +
+        ((v.match_destinations || []).length ? " · destinations: " + v.match_destinations.join("; ") : "") +
+        (v.comment ? " · " + v.comment : ""))),
+    h("div", { class: "actions" }, h("button", { class: "danger", onclick: () => deleteView(v) }, "Delete view")));
+  const tabBar = h("div", { class: "tabs" }, tabs.map(([k, label]) => h("a", { href: base + "/" + k + suffix, class: k === tab ? "active" : "" }, label)));
+  const body = h("div");
+  mount(el, head, tabBar, body);
+  if (tab === "options") {
+    await optionsEditor(body, { scope: "view", scope_id: id, catalogScope: "view", title: "View options",
+      intro: "View options override the server options for clients in this view (for example recursion and allow-recursion)." });
+  } else if (tab === "zones") {
+    await zonesTab(body, v, views, zones, inView);
+  } else {
+    await settingsTab(body, v);
+  }
+  const first = body.querySelector("[data-autofocus]");
+  if (first) first.focus();
+}
+
+async function settingsTab(el, v) {
+  const f = await viewForm(v, []);
+  mount(el, h("div", { class: "panel" }, f.body,
+    h("div", { class: "actions", style: { marginTop: "12px" } }, h("button", { class: "primary", onclick: async () => { if (await f.save()) rerender(); } }, "Save settings"))));
+}
+
+async function zonesTab(el, v, views, zones, inView) {
+  mount(el, h("div", { class: "panel" },
+    h("div", { class: "actions", style: { marginBottom: "10px" } },
+      h("button", { class: "primary", onclick: async () => newZoneDialog(views, zones, await get("/settings"), { view: v.name }) }, "New zone in " + v.name),
+      h("a", { href: "#/zones?view=" + encodeURIComponent(v.name) }, "Show on the Zones page")),
+    table([
+      { label: "Zone", render: (z) => [h("a", { href: "#/zones/" + z.id }, z.display_name), dnssecLock(z), z.disabled ? [" ", badge("disabled", "off")] : null, z.pending ? [" ", pendingBadge(z.pending)] : null], tdClass: "name" },
+      { label: "Type", render: (z) => badge(z.type, z.type === "primary" ? "accent" : "") },
+      { label: "Records", render: (z) => (z.type === "primary" ? String(z.record_count) : ""), class: "right", tdClass: "right" },
+      { label: "Serial", render: (z) => (z.type === "primary" ? String(z.soa.serial) : ""), tdClass: "mono" },
+      { label: "Comment", render: (z) => h("span", { class: "muted" }, z.comment || "") },
+    ], inView, { empty: "No zones in this view yet.", rowClass: (z) => (z.disabled ? "disabled" : "") })));
 }

 // backLabel names the page a back address leads to.
@@ -60,10 +114,12 @@ function backLabel(back, zones) {
  return /^#\/zones(\?|$)/.test(back) ? "Zones" : "Back";
 }

-async function viewDialog(v, viewless) {
+// viewForm is the form for a view's settings (v null: a new view); save
+// sends it and reports whether it worked.
+async function viewForm(v, viewless) {
  const err = h("div");
  const ctx = await amlContext();
-  const name = input({ value: v ? v.name : "", placeholder: "internal" });
+  const name = input({ value: v ? v.name : "", placeholder: "internal", "data-autofocus": v ? null : true });
  const mc = textarea(v ? (v.match_clients || []).join("\n") : "", { class: "mono", rows: 4, placeholder: "192.168.1.0/24\nlocalhost\n(empty = any)" });
  const md = textarea(v ? (v.match_destinations || []).join("\n") : "", { class: "mono", rows: 2, placeholder: "(empty = any)" });
  const mro = select([["", "(default: no)"], ["true", "yes"], ["false", "no"]], v && v.match_recursive_only !== undefined && v.match_recursive_only !== null ? String(v.match_recursive_only) : "");
@@ -79,26 +135,32 @@ async function viewDialog(v, viewless) {
    field("Colour", color, "How the web UI shows this view, so zones of the same view are easy to spot. Only changes the web UI: it applies at once, with no deploy.")),
    !v && viewless.length ? h("div", { class: "msg warn" }, "Once views exist, named requires every zone to be inside a view. ", adopt) : null,
    err);
-  await modal(v ? "Edit view " + v.name : "New view", body, [
+  const save = async () => {
+    mount(err);
+    const data = { name: name.value.trim(), match_clients: lines(mc.value), match_destinations: lines(md.value), comment: comment.value };
+    data.match_recursive_only = mro.value === "" ? null : mro.value === "true";
+    if (!v && viewless.length && adopt.input.checked) data.adopt_zones = true;
+    const colorChanged = color.value !== ((v && v.color) || "");
+    try {
+      let r = null;
+      if (!v || configChanged(v, data)) r = v ? await change("PATCH", "/views/" + v.id, data) : await change("POST", "/views", data);
+      const id = v ? v.id : (r.object && r.object.id) || ((r.added || [])[0] || {}).id;
+      if (colorChanged && id) {
+        // A view created in a draft only exists in that draft so far.
+        await api("PUT", "/views/" + id + "/color", { body: { color: color.value }, stage: r && r.staged ? r.changeset_id : undefined });
+      }
+      toast(r ? describeResult(r) : colorChanged ? "Colour saved" : "Nothing changed");
+      return true;
+    } catch (e) { mount(err, errorBox(e)); return false; }
+  };
+  return { body, save };
+}
+
+async function viewDialog(viewless) {
+  const f = await viewForm(null, viewless);
+  await modal("New view", f.body, [
    { label: "Cancel", value: null },
-    { label: v ? "Save" : "Create view", kind: "primary", onclick: async () => {
-      const data = { name: name.value.trim(), match_clients: lines(mc.value), match_destinations: lines(md.value), comment: comment.value };
-      data.match_recursive_only = mro.value === "" ? null : mro.value === "true";
-      if (!v && viewless.length && adopt.input.checked) data.adopt_zones = true;
-      const colorChanged = color.value !== ((v && v.color) || "");
-      try {
-        let r = null;
-        if (!v || configChanged(v, data)) r = v ? await change("PATCH", "/views/" + v.id, data) : await change("POST", "/views", data);
-        const id = v ? v.id : (r.object && r.object.id) || ((r.added || [])[0] || {}).id;
-        if (colorChanged && id) {
-          // A view created in a draft only exists in that draft so far.
-          await api("PUT", "/views/" + id + "/color", { body: { color: color.value }, stage: r && r.staged ? r.changeset_id : undefined });
-        }
-        toast(r ? describeResult(r) : "Colour saved");
-        rerender();
-        return true;
-      } catch (e) { mount(err, errorBox(e)); return false; }
-    } },
+    { label: "Create view", kind: "primary", onclick: async () => { const ok = await f.save(); if (ok) rerender(); return ok; } },
  ], { wide: true, sticky: true });
 }

@@ -122,6 +184,8 @@ async function deleteView(v) {
  try {
    const r = await change("DELETE", "/views/" + v.id, undefined, { query: cascade ? { cascade: 1 } : undefined });
    toast(describeResult(r));
-    rerender();
+    // Applied at once, the view is gone; staged, it is still there.
+    if (r.applied) location.hash = "#/views";
+    else rerender();
  } catch (e) { toast(e.message, "err", 8000); }
 }
@@ -402,6 +402,20 @@ async function recordsTab(el, zone, query) {
    }
  };
  for (const f of [fName, fData, fTTL]) f.addEventListener("input", preview);
+  // aliasTo fills the add form with a CNAME to a record's name: only the
+  // alias's name is left to type.
+  const aliasTo = (r) => {
+    fType.value = "CNAME";
+    showHint();
+    fData.value = r.relative_name === "@" ? "@" : r.relative_name;
+    fName.value = "";
+    fTTL.value = "";
+    fComment.value = "";
+    preview();
+    form.scrollIntoView({ block: "nearest", behavior: "smooth" });
+    fName.placeholder = "alias for " + r.name.replace(/\.$/, "");
+    fName.focus();
+  };
  const add = async (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    mount(err);
@@ -419,6 +433,7 @@ async function recordsTab(el, zone, query) {
      // Start the next record from scratch (the type stays, as records
      // are often added several of a kind at a time).
      fName.value = "";
+      fName.placeholder = reverse && rinfo ? rinfo.example : "@ or www";
      fData.value = "";
      fTTL.value = "";
      fComment.value = "";
@@ -466,6 +481,8 @@ async function recordsTab(el, zone, query) {
      { label: "Data", render: (r) => r.data, tdClass: "data" },
      { label: "Comment", render: (r) => [r.pending ? [pendingBadge(r.pending), " "] : null, h("span", { class: "muted" }, r.comment || "")] },
      { label: "", render: (r) => r.pending === "delete" ? "" : h("span", null,
+        !reverse && (r.type === "A" || r.type === "AAAA") && !r.disabled
+          ? [h("button", { class: "small", title: "Add a CNAME record that points to " + r.name.replace(/\.$/, ""), onclick: () => aliasTo(r) }, "+ CNAME"), " "] : null,
        h("button", { class: "small", title: "Edit", onclick: () => edit(r) }, "Edit"), " ",
        r.disabled
          ? h("button", { class: "small toggle", title: "Put the record back in the zone", onclick: () => toggle(r) }, "Enable")
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ export async function render(el, params, query) {
  }
 }

-export async function newZoneDialog(views, zones, settings) {
+// preset.view picks the view (opened from a view's page).
+export async function newZoneDialog(views, zones, settings, preset = {}) {
  const err = h("div");
  // The zone's name matters most and is easy to get wrong, so the dialog
  // asks for a domain or a network and shows the resulting zone name.
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ export async function newZoneDialog(views, zones, settings) {
  const preview = h("div", { class: "name-preview", "aria-live": "polite" });
  const kindButtons = h("div", { class: "segmented", role: "group", "aria-label": "Kind of zone" });
  const type = select([["primary", "primary (Jarl manages the records)"], ["secondary", "secondary (copy from another server)"], ["forward", "forward (send queries to other resolvers)"], ["stub", "stub"], ["static-stub", "static-stub"], ["mirror", "mirror"], ["hint", "hint (root hints)"], ["in-view", "in-view (share a zone from an earlier view)"]], "primary");
-  const view = select([["", views.length ? "– choose a view –" : "(no views)"], ...views.map((v) => [v.name, v.name])], views.length === 1 ? views[0].name : "");
+  const view = select([["", views.length ? "– choose a view –" : "(no views)"], ...views.map((v) => [v.name, v.name])], preset.view || (views.length === 1 ? views[0].name : ""));
  const ns = textarea((settings.nameservers || []).join("\n"), { class: "mono", rows: 3, placeholder: "ns1.example.com." });
  const nsAddr = textarea("", { class: "mono", rows: 2, placeholder: "ns1 192.0.2.1" });
  const contact = input({ value: settings.rname ? emailOf(settings.rname) : "", placeholder: "hostmaster@example.com" });
@@ -239,7 +240,7 @@ export function emailOf(rname) {
 // dnssecLock marks a signed zone with a padlock linking to its DNSSEC tab:
 // closed while signed, open while signing is being turned off (BIND's
 // insecure policy).
-function dnssecLock(z) {
+export function dnssecLock(z) {
  if (!z.dnssec_policy) return null;
  const off = z.dnssec_policy === "insecure";
  const a = h("a", {
@@ -130,7 +130,10 @@ main { padding: 16px; max-width: 1400px; margin: 0 auto; }
 /* Panels and cards */
 .panel { background: var(--panel); border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 14px 16px; box-shadow: var(--shadow); margin-bottom: 14px; }
 .panel > h2:first-child, .panel > h3:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
-.cards { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(230px, 1fr)); gap: 12px; margin-bottom: 14px; }
+/* Tiles share a row and grow to fill it, so a wrapped tile never sits
+   alone beside an empty space. */
+.cards { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; margin-bottom: 14px; }
+.cards > * { flex: 1 1 170px; min-width: 0; }
 .card { background: var(--panel); border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 12px 14px; box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
 .card .label { color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.4px; }
 .card .value { font-size: 18px; font-weight: 600; margin-top: 2px; }
@@ -317,6 +320,7 @@ td.break { word-break: break-all; }
 }

 .refreshing { opacity: 0.6; transition: opacity 0.2s; }
+h2.section { margin: 24px 0 10px; font-size: 18px; }
 .filter-row { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 12px; }
 .segmented { display: inline-flex; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden; background: var(--panel); }
 .segmented a { padding: 4px 12px; color: var(--text); border-right: 1px solid var(--border); text-decoration: none; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
@@ -329,7 +333,16 @@ td.break { word-break: break-all; }
 .chart-head { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 8px; }
 .chart-head .grow { flex: 1; min-width: 200px; }
 .chart-head h2 { margin: 0; font-size: 16px; }
-.chart-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(320px, 1fr)); gap: 0 14px; }
+/* Two or three columns; the last cards stretch to fill their row, so no
+   card is left alone beside an empty space. */
+.chart-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 0 14px; }
+.chart-grid > :last-child:nth-child(odd) { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
+@media (min-width: 1100px) {
+  .chart-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
+  .chart-grid > :last-child:nth-child(odd) { grid-column: auto; }
+  .chart-grid > :last-child:nth-child(3n+1) { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
+  .chart-grid > :last-child:nth-child(3n+2) { grid-column: span 2; }
+}
 .chart-grid > .panel h2 { margin: 0; font-size: 16px; }
 .list-sub { margin: 2px 0 8px; }

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ export function fmtTime(iso) {
  if (!iso) return "";
  const d = new Date(iso);
  if (isNaN(d)) return iso;
-  return d.toLocaleString(undefined, { year: "numeric", month: "short", day: "2-digit", hour: "2-digit", minute: "2-digit" });
+  return d.toLocaleString(undefined, { year: "numeric", month: "short", day: "2-digit", hour: "2-digit", minute: "2-digit", hourCycle: "h23" });
 }

 export function relTime(iso) {
@@ -276,9 +276,9 @@ export function viewLink(v, name, back) {
  return h("a", { href: viewHref(v.id, back), class: v.color ? "vc-" + v.color : null, title: "View " + v.name }, v.name);
 }

-// viewHref is the address of a view on the views page.
+// viewHref is the address of a view's page.
 export function viewHref(id, back) {
-  return "#/views?view=" + id + (back ? "&back=" + encodeURIComponent(back) : "");
+  return "#/views/" + id + (back ? "?back=" + encodeURIComponent(back) : "");
 }

 // colorPicker picks a view colour; its value is "" for the default.
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ expect_dig() { # DESC WANT DIG-ARGS...
 	if [ "$got" = "$want" ]; then ok "dig $desc = '$want'"; else bad "dig $desc: got '$got' want '$want'"; fi
 }
 contains() { if echo "$OUT" | grep -q -- "$1"; then ok "output has '$1'"; else bad "output lacks '$1'"; echo "$OUT" | sed 's/^/    /'; fi; }
+not_contains() { if echo "$OUT" | grep -q -- "$1"; then bad "output has '$1'"; echo "$OUT" | sed 's/^/    /'; else ok "output lacks '$1'"; fi; }

 # With nothing configured, the CLI uses jarld's local socket, where
 # jarld's own user (this script's) is an administrator without a token.
@@ -296,10 +297,41 @@ contains "token.revoke"
 run "view create (adopts zones)" 0 $J view create internal --match-clients homelab --adopt-zones
 run "view create external" 0 $J view create external --match-clients any
 run "zone create in external" 0 $J zone create adbraun.test --view external --ns ns1.adbraun.test. --record "ns1 A 203.0.113.1"
+# View keys: a query signed with a view's key lands in that view, from
+# any address (this host is in homelab, so unsigned it gets internal).
+run "view key" 0 sh -c "$J view key external --named-conf > $E/external.key"
+expect_dig "unsigned from here: the internal view" "127.0.0.1" ns1.adbraun.test A
+expect_dig "signed with the external view's key" "203.0.113.1" -k $E/external.key ns1.adbraun.test A
+run "view key shows a dig command" 0 $J view key external
+contains "dig -y hmac-sha256:jarl-view-external:"
+# named-checkconf's own warnings stay on the dashboard after the apply.
+run "option set recursion no (external)" 0 $J option set recursion no --view external
+run "allow-recursion without its braces" 0 $J option set allow-recursion 192.0.2.1 --view external
+contains "named-checkconf"
+run "status keeps named's warning" 0 $J status
+contains "named-checkconf: .*recursion"
+run "option list: braces added" 0 $J option list --view external
+contains "{ 192.0.2.1; }"
+run "unset allow-recursion" 0 $J option unset allow-recursion --view external
+run "unset recursion" 0 $J option unset recursion --view external
+run "status: the warning is gone" 0 $J status
+not_contains "named-checkconf"
 run "zone list shows both views" 0 $J zone list
 contains "external"
 expect_dig "internal view nas" "192.168.1.20" nas.adbraun.test A
 run "record add needs a view now" 6 $J record add adbraun.test x A 192.168.1.90
+run "record add --view all" 0 $J record add adbraun.test both A 192.0.2.77 --view all
+contains "applied"
+expect_dig "both views: internal has it" "192.0.2.77" both.adbraun.test A
+run "record list external has it too" 0 $J record list adbraun.test --view external
+contains "192.0.2.77"
+run "several views are all-or-nothing (exit 4)" 4 $J record add adbraun.test half A 192.0.2.78 --view internal,nosuch
+contains "nothing was changed in any view"
+expect_dig "so internal didn't get it" "" half.adbraun.test A
+run "record delete --view internal,external" 0 $J record delete adbraun.test both A --view internal,external -y
+expect_dig "deleted in both" "" both.adbraun.test A
+run "and gone from external" 0 $J record list adbraun.test --view external
+not_contains "192.0.2.77"
 run "acme set goes into both views" 0 $J acme set adbraun.test both-views
 expect_dig "acme TXT (internal, from 127.0.0.1)" '"both-views"' _acme-challenge.adbraun.test TXT
 run "acme set --view external only" 0 $J acme unset adbraun.test --view internal
@@ -466,6 +498,11 @@ expect_rpz "paused: so is a blocked rule's name" blocked.adbraun.test none
 run "block list says it's paused" 0 $J block list
 contains "Blocking is paused until"
 run "block resume" 0 $J block resume
+run "block pause indefinitely" 0 $J block pause indefinitely
+expect_rpz "paused until resumed: a listed name is answered" x.tracker.adbraun.test none
+run "block list says until resumed" 0 $J block list
+contains "paused until you resume it"
+run "block resume after an indefinite pause" 0 $J block resume
 expect_rpz "resumed: the list blocks again" x.tracker.adbraun.test test.blocklist.jarl.invalid.
 expect_rpz "resumed: the rule blocks again" blocked.adbraun.test rules.jarl.invalid.
 # The test server dates the file to the second, and the download above
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
adamandClaude Opus 5.5	ecffc2d5c1	Let jarld recognize this host's addresses under systemd release / release (push) Successful in 1m58s Details The unit's RestrictAddressFamilies lacked AF_NETLINK, which listing the host's addresses needs, so the name server checks didn't know this server's own addresses: the Name servers tab queried them like another server's, and the delegation check didn't sign them with the view key. Allow AF_NETLINK, and fall back to /proc/net without it. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-10-11 18:35:06 +01:00
adamandClaude Opus 5.5	9d9ae37367	Release 0.4.0-rc.3 release / release (push) Successful in 1m56s Details Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-10-11 18:19:56 +01:00
adamandClaude Opus 5.5	384f6b3060	Give every view a TSIG key that selects it Each view's match-clients starts with "key jarl-view-NAME" (after "!key" for the views listed after it), so a query signed with a view's key lands in that view from any address. The secrets are derived from a random seed in Jarl's database. The delegation check signs its queries to this server's own addresses with the key of the zone's view: before, they got whichever view matched the server's address, usually internal. jarl view key / GET /views/{id}/key show a key for dig -k (tsig:write, audited). jarl-view- key names are reserved; the importer drops view keys from a configuration Jarl wrote. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-10-11 18:19:10 +01:00
adamandClaude Opus 5.5	c696d02513	Give each view its own page, and add a CNAME from an A record Views open a page like a zone's, with Settings, Options and Zones tabs (and New zone in that view); the Views page lists and orders them. A and AAAA records get a + CNAME button that fills in the add form. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-10-11 18:12:56 +01:00
adamandClaude Opus 5.5	7be0762f48	Server statistics, multi-view record commands, and rc.3 fixes Added: - Server statistics: named's memory and CPU (from /proc), cache size, sockets and client counts against their limits (statistics channel, rndc status), host memory and load, and free disk space. Memory and CPU are kept over time as gauges (sum and sample count, averaged in timelines). Statistics page Server section, jarl stats server, GET /stats/server. - jarl record add\|set\|delete\|disable\|enable --view a,b \| all: the same change in each view, applied as one changeset. - Blocking can be paused until resumed (jarl block pause indefinitely, "Until I resume", {"indefinitely": true}). Changed: - List options (allow-transfer, forwarders, ...) get their braces added when given without them. - The dashboard lists named-checkconf's warnings about the running configuration; the CLI prints them after an apply. - Stats page: tile and card rows fill their width, and the queries and failed answers charts share margins so their time axes line up. - Dashboard: options have their own tile. - 24-hour times in the web UI. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-10-11 18:03:05 +01:00
adamandClaude Opus 5.5	b097e10bef	Keep options in a fixed order, and say which block a diff hunk is in Options of a block (server options, a view, a zone) are listed and written grouped by topic, alphabetical within a group, so the same option is in the same place everywhere. Top-level statements keep the order they were added in. named.conf diffs add the enclosing blocks to each hunk header, like git's function context: @@ -50,6 +49,8 @@ view "internal" {. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-10-11 17:06:22 +01:00