Address order: sequential, reverse or random, per subnet and pool

- Which never-used pool address a new client gets: sequential (the
  lowest, as before), reverse or random, in the settings, a subnet or
  a single pool (FIRST-LAST:ORDER). When no never-used address is left,
  the one free the longest, whatever the order; returning clients keep
  theirs.
- A subnet's pools are used in the order listed, or one at random
  weighted by its never-used addresses. Pools now keep the order they
  are given in (no more sorting by address).
- CLI --address-order and --pool-order; --add-pool of an existing range
  changes its order in place. Web UI: per-pool order and a move-up
  button, pool and address order on the subnet and settings pages.
- Kea's allocator: random is imported. Schema migration 5.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

internal/model/config.go

@@ -48,6 +48,45 @@ type Settings struct {
 	// addresses that don't belong on the interface, for networks where
 	// another DHCP server shares the segment. Off by default.
 	NotAuthoritative bool `json:"not_authoritative"`
+	// AddressOrder is which never-used pool address a new client gets:
+	// sequential (the lowest, the default), reverse (the highest) or
+	// random. Subnets and pools can set their own.
+	AddressOrder string `json:"address_order,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Address orders: which never-used pool address a new client gets. When
+// every free address has been used before, the one free the longest is
+// given out, whatever the order.
+const (
+	OrderSequential = "sequential"
+	OrderReverse    = "reverse"
+	OrderRandom     = "random"
+)
+
+// Pool orders: which of a subnet's pools a new address comes from.
+const (
+	// PoolsListed tries the pools in the order they are listed.
+	PoolsListed = "listed"
+	// PoolsRandom picks a pool at random, weighted by its never-used
+	// addresses, so addresses spread over the whole subnet.
+	PoolsRandom = "random"
+)
+
+// AddressOrders are the address orders, for messages and help.
+var AddressOrders = []string{OrderSequential, OrderReverse, OrderRandom}
+
+// ValidAddressOrder reports whether s is an address order ("" too: the
+// default or inherited one).
+func ValidAddressOrder(s string) bool {
+	return s == "" || s == OrderSequential || s == OrderReverse || s == OrderRandom
+}
+
+// EffectiveAddressOrder is the settings' address order with its default.
+func (s Settings) EffectiveAddressOrder() string {
+	if s.AddressOrder == "" {
+		return OrderSequential
+	}
+	return s.AddressOrder
 }
 
 // DefaultSettings are the settings of a new database.
@@ -101,6 +140,12 @@ type Subnet struct {
 	Interface string       `json:"interface"`
 	Prefix    netip.Prefix `json:"prefix"`
 	Pools     []Pool       `json:"pools"`
+	// PoolOrder is which pool a new address comes from: listed (the
+	// default, "") or random.
+	PoolOrder string `json:"pool_order,omitempty"`
+	// AddressOrder overrides the settings' address order inside the
+	// subnet's pools ("": inherit); a pool can override it in turn.
+	AddressOrder string `json:"address_order,omitempty"`
 	// LeaseTime overrides the settings' lease time (0: inherit).
 	LeaseTime int           `json:"lease_time"`
 	Options   []OptionValue `json:"options"`
@@ -122,9 +167,25 @@ func (s *Subnet) Label() string {
 type Pool struct {
 	Start netip.Addr `json:"start"`
 	End   netip.Addr `json:"end"`
+	// Order overrides the subnet's address order in this pool ("":
+	// inherit).
+	Order string `json:"order,omitempty"`
 }
 
-func (p Pool) String() string { return p.Start.String() + "-" + p.End.String() }
+// String is the pool as ParsePool reads it: FIRST-LAST, with :ORDER when
+// it has its own.
+func (p Pool) String() string {
+	if p.Order != "" {
+		return p.Range() + ":" + p.Order
+	}
+	return p.Range()
+}
+
+// Range is FIRST-LAST.
+func (p Pool) Range() string { return p.Start.String() + "-" + p.End.String() }
+
+// SameRange reports whether two pools cover the same addresses.
+func (p Pool) SameRange(o Pool) bool { return p.Start == o.Start && p.End == o.End }
 
 // Contains reports whether a is in the pool.
 func (p Pool) Contains(a netip.Addr) bool {
@@ -140,9 +201,21 @@ func (p Pool) Size() int {
 }
 
 // ParsePool reads "10.0.10.100-10.0.10.199" (spaces around the dash are
-// fine) or a prefix, "10.0.10.128/25".
+// fine) or a prefix, "10.0.10.128/25", optionally followed by the pool's
+// own address order: "10.0.10.100-10.0.10.199:random".
 func ParsePool(s string) (Pool, error) {
 	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
+	if r, order, ok := strings.Cut(s, ":"); ok {
+		order = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(order))
+		if order == "default" {
+			order = "" // the subnet's
+		} else if order == "" || !ValidAddressOrder(order) {
+			return Pool{}, fmt.Errorf("pool %q: the order after the colon is %s or default (the subnet's)", s, strings.Join(AddressOrders, ", "))
+		}
+		p, err := ParsePool(r)
+		p.Order = order
+		return p, err
+	}
 	if a, b, ok := strings.Cut(s, "-"); ok {
 		start, err1 := netip.ParseAddr(strings.TrimSpace(a))
 		end, err2 := netip.ParseAddr(strings.TrimSpace(b))

internal/model/config_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package model
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestParsePoolOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	for in, want := range map[string]string{
+		"10.0.0.1-10.0.0.50":          "10.0.0.1-10.0.0.50",
+		"10.0.0.1 - 10.0.0.50:Random": "10.0.0.1-10.0.0.50:random",
+		"10.0.0.0/26:reverse":         "10.0.0.0-10.0.0.63:reverse",
+		"10.0.0.1-10.0.0.50:default":  "10.0.0.1-10.0.0.50",
+	} {
+		p, err := ParsePool(in)
+		if err != nil || p.String() != want {
+			t.Errorf("%q: %v %v", in, p, err)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, in := range []string{"10.0.0.1-10.0.0.50:", "10.0.0.1-10.0.0.50:lowest"} {
+		if _, err := ParsePool(in); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("%q accepted", in)
+		}
+	}
+}