abrown38andClaude Opus 5.5
785b0006f9
- CLI: name several servers and groups in the config file; select them with -s/--server NAME|GROUP|all|URL or JARL_SERVER. A command aimed at several servers is dry-run on all of them first and only runs if every one accepts it. Named servers always use their own token. - Reverse zones: /32 and /128 get single-address zones; networks between octet or nibble boundaries (e.g. a /22) are covered by several zones created together, from the CLI and the web UI. - Fix: under jarl.service's RestrictSUIDSGID, creating a view directory failed on chmod with the setgid bit; fall back to the permission bits. - Web UI: the review/live switch is a small header button, and the pending-changes bar only shows when there are pending changes. - TSIG key wording; the keys page points to restricted API tokens. - Docs: several servers (cli.md), a secondary server (operations.md), tokens vs TSIG keys (permissions.md); CHANGELOG. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
318 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
318 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
# The `jarl` command line client
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`jarl` talks to jarld's REST API with an API token. It runs on the DNS server
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or on any machine that can reach jarld. Every command has `--help` with
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examples, and `jarl completion bash|zsh|fish` prints shell completion.
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## Setup
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```sh
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jarl config set server https://ns1.adbraun.lol:8053
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jarl config set token # paste the token at the prompt
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jarl whoami
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```
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| Setting | Flag | Environment | Config file key |
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|---------|------|-------------|-----------------|
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| Server URL, or a server or group name (below) | `-s/--server` | `JARL_SERVER` | `server` (`default` for a name) |
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| API token (`@FILE` reads it from a file) | `--token` | `JARL_TOKEN` | `token` |
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| Skip TLS verification | `--insecure` | | `insecure` |
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| Extra trusted CA (PEM) | `--ca-cert` | | `ca_cert` |
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| Changeset to stage into | `-C/--changeset` | `JARL_CHANGESET` | |
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Flags win over the environment, and the environment wins over the file. The
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file is `~/.config/jarl/config.yaml` (mode 0600), or `--config` /
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`JARL_CLI_CONFIG`. `jarl config show` prints it with the token masked.
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Get tokens from the web UI (Account → API tokens), from
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`jarl token create`, or from `jarld init --token` on the server.
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### Several servers and groups
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With more than one Jarl (say a primary and a secondary, each with its own
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jarld), give each a name; group them to run a command on several at once:
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```sh
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jarl config server add ns1 https://ns1.adbraun.lol:8053 # asks for ns1's token
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jarl config server add ns2 https://ns2.adbraun.lol:8053
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jarl config group set dns ns1 ns2
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jarl config use ns1 # the default when --server is left out
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jarl -s ns2 zone list # or JARL_SERVER=ns2
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jarl -s dns acl update homelab --add 10.0.20.0/24
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jarl -s all status # every named server
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jarl -s ns2 config set token # change ns2's token
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```
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The file then looks like this:
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```yaml
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servers:
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ns1: {url: "https://ns1.adbraun.lol:8053", token: jarl_...}
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ns2: {url: "https://ns2.adbraun.lol:8053", token: "@/home/adam/.config/jarl/ns2.token"}
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groups:
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dns: [ns1, ns2]
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default: ns1
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```
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`--server` takes a server name, a group (groups may contain groups),
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`all`, a comma separated list of those, or a URL. A named server always uses
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its own token; `--token` and `JARL_TOKEN` only fill in for servers without
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one, so a token is never sent to the wrong server. The plain `server:` and
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`token:` keys still work and are used when nothing is selected.
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**How a command runs on a group.** It is first run on every server as a dry
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run (in parallel). If any server rejects it (for example a record in a zone
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that is a secondary there, an ACL that already exists, or a token without the
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permission), the errors are shown and *nothing is changed anywhere*. Only
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when it would succeed everywhere does it run for real, one server after
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another, with a `== ns1 (URL) ==` header before each server's output. A
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read-only command simply shows each server's answer. If a server still fails
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in the real run (it went down in between, say), jarl stops and says which
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servers already applied the change.
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Commands that can't be dry-run (`token create`, `user ...`, `changeset
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create/discard/revert`) refuse to run on a group, and `--changeset` can't be
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combined with one, since changeset IDs belong to a single server. Headers go
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to stderr with `-o json` or `-o yaml`, so stdout holds just the documents.
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## Global flags
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| Flag | Meaning |
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|------|---------|
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| `-o table\|json\|yaml` | Output format. JSON and YAML have the API's full objects, for scripts. |
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| `-n, --dry-run` | Validate and show the diff without changing anything. |
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| `-C, --changeset ID` | Stage the change into an open changeset instead of applying it. |
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| `--force` | Overwrite BIND files that were changed outside Jarl (drift). |
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| `-q, --quiet` | Print only errors, or just the ID where a command creates something. |
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## Exit codes
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| Code | Meaning |
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|------|---------|
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| 0 | Success |
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| 1 | Other error (bad arguments, connection failure, ...) |
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| 3 | Not authenticated, or not allowed (token lacks the permission) |
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| 4 | Not found |
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| 5 | Conflict: concurrent change, object in use, drift |
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| 6 | Invalid request, or rejected by validation (e.g. a CNAME conflict, or named-checkconf found an error) |
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| 7 | Server error, or BIND failed: a tool couldn't run, or named didn't load the change (it was rolled back) |
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Validation errors are printed with the offending zone and view:
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```
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$ jarl record add adbraun.lol www A 192.168.1.99
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error: www.adbraun.lol has a CNAME, so it can't have any other records (found A); a CNAME must be the only record at its name (RFC 1034) [zone adbraun.lol]
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$ echo $?
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6
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```
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## Zones
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```sh
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jarl zone list [--view V] [--type primary]
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jarl zone show adbraun.lol
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jarl zone create lab.adbraun.lol --ns ns1.adbraun.lol.
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jarl zone create 192.168.20.0/24 # reverse zone from a network
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jarl zone create 10.0.8.0/22 # four zones, 8-11.0.10.in-addr.arpa
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jarl zone create 10.0.10.100/32 # a zone for just that address
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jarl zone create adbraun.lol --view external --clone-from adbraun.lol --clone-view internal
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jarl zone create partner.example --type secondary --primary "192.0.2.53 key xfer"
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jarl zone create consul --type forward --forwarder "127.0.0.1 port 8600"
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jarl zone update adbraun.lol --ttl 3600 --contact hostmaster@adbraun.lol --refresh 7200
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jarl zone update adbraun.lol --move-to-view internal
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jarl zone delete lab.adbraun.lol [-y]
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jarl zone file adbraun.lol # the generated zone file
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jarl zone import adbraun.lol db.adbraun.lol [--replace] [--use-soa]
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```
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Reverse names follow the dots (the nibbles in IPv6), so a reverse zone
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covers a /8, /16 or /24 (a multiple of /4 for IPv6). A network in between is
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covered by several zones, created together in one changeset: a /22 by four
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/24 zones (up to 16 zones). A /32 (or /128) gets a zone of its own that
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answers for that one address: useful when another server, such as your
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router, answers for the rest of the /24. IPv4 networks smaller than a /24
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(/25 to /31) live in the enclosing /24's zone.
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`zone import` adds the records of a zone file (`-` reads stdin). With
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`--replace` the zone is made equal to the file, so records that aren't in it
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are deleted. Try it with `--dry-run` first. `--option "NAME VALUE"` on
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`zone create` sets any zone option in the same step.
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When a zone exists in several views, add `--view NAME` to commands that
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name it.
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## Records
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```sh
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jarl record list adbraun.lol [--name www] [-t A] [--search nas]
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jarl record add adbraun.lol nas A 192.168.1.20 --ptr --comment "synology"
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jarl record add adbraun.lol @ MX 10 mail
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jarl record add adbraun.lol @ TXT "v=spf1 mx -all" # plain text, quoting is automatic
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jarl record add adbraun.lol _sip._tcp SRV 0 5 5060 sip
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jarl record add adbraun.lol @ CAA 0 issue "letsencrypt.org"
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jarl record set adbraun.lol api A 192.168.1.30 192.168.1.31 --ttl 60 # replace the RRset
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jarl record update 1234 --data 192.168.1.21 --ptr # IDs from 'record list'
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jarl record update 1234 --ttl default
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jarl record delete adbraun.lol www A # every A record of www
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jarl record delete adbraun.lol www A 192.168.1.10 # just this one
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jarl record delete --id 1234 [--ptr]
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# reverse zones: name records by address; the host name needs no final dot
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jarl record add 0.10.10.in-addr.arpa 10.10.0.20 PTR nas.adbraun.lol
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```
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Names are relative to the zone (`@` is the apex) unless they end with a
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dot. Data uses zone file syntax, except that TXT/SPF take plain text: Jarl
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adds the quotes and splits long values into 255-byte strings. In reverse zones the name can be the address
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(`10.10.0.20`), and a PTR target such as `nas.adbraun.lol` is read as the full
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host name (a bare `nas` is refused, since it would mean
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`nas.0.10.10.in-addr.arpa.`). `--ptr`
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keeps the PTR record in the reverse zone in step (when that zone is managed
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by Jarl). Every record type BIND supports can be used. Jarl knows the
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syntax of the common ones and checks them strictly, and the rest are
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validated by parsing.
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## Batches: `jarl apply -f`
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Several changes that must succeed or fail together:
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```yaml
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# move-web.yaml
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description: move the web server to the new VM
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changes:
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- add: {zone: adbraun.lol, name: web2, type: A, data: 192.168.1.40, ttl: 300, ptr: true}
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- delete: {zone: adbraun.lol, name: www, type: CNAME}
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- add: {zone: adbraun.lol, name: www, type: CNAME, data: web2}
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- set: {zone: adbraun.lol, name: api, type: A, data: [192.168.1.41, 192.168.1.42], ttl: 60}
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- update: {id: 1235, comment: "old web server, remove in November"}
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- delete: {id: 1240}
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- op: acl.update # any API operation (see api.md)
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id: 3
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data: {elements: [192.168.1.0/24, 10.10.0.0/16]}
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```
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```sh
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jarl apply -f move-web.yaml --dry-run # check and show the diff
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jarl apply -f move-web.yaml
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```
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The whole file is validated as one changeset, at its end state, so the
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order of the entries doesn't matter (the CNAME swap above works either way
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round). Add `view: NAME` to entries
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when a zone exists in several views. JSON works as well as YAML, and `-f -`
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reads standard input.
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## Changesets: stage, review, apply
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```sh
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export JARL_CHANGESET=$(jarl changeset create "renumber lab" -q)
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jarl record set lab.adbraun.lol gw A 10.20.0.1
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jarl record set lab.adbraun.lol nas A 10.20.0.10
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jarl changeset diff $JARL_CHANGESET # validation + named-checkconf + diff
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jarl changeset remove $JARL_CHANGESET 2 # drop operation #2
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jarl changeset apply $JARL_CHANGESET
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unset JARL_CHANGESET
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jarl changeset list [--status open|applied|discarded] [--mine]
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jarl changeset show 42
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jarl changeset discard 43
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jarl history [--limit 50]
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jarl changeset revert 42 -q | xargs jarl changeset apply # undo an applied changeset
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```
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Changesets staged in the web UI show up here too, and the other way round.
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## Views, ACLs, TSIG keys, options, settings
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```sh
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jarl view create internal --match-clients homelab,localhost --adopt-zones
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jarl view create external --match-clients any
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jarl view order internal external
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jarl view update external --match-clients "!homelab,any"
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jarl view delete old [--cascade]
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jarl acl create homelab 192.168.1.0/24 10.10.0.0/16 localhost
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jarl acl update homelab --add 10.20.0.0/16 --remove 10.10.0.0/16
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jarl acl update homelab --rename lan # references are updated
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jarl acl delete lan # refused while in use
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jarl tsig create xfer [--algorithm hmac-sha512]
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jarl tsig show xfer --named-conf # paste into the secondary's named.conf
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jarl tsig rotate xfer
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jarl tsig delete xfer
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jarl option list [--view V | --zone Z | --toplevel | --all]
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jarl option set recursion yes
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jarl option set allow-recursion '{ homelab; localhost; }'
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jarl option set forwarders '{ 1.1.1.1; 9.9.9.9; }'
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jarl option set allow-transfer '{ key xfer; }' --zone adbraun.lol
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jarl option set response-policy '{ zone "rpz.local"; }' --view internal
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jarl option set logging '{ channel q { file "/var/log/named/query.log" versions 3 size 20m; }; category queries { q; }; }' --toplevel
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jarl option unset forwarders
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jarl option describe # every option allowed at this scope
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jarl option describe allow-query-cache # grammar and ARM description
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jarl settings show
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jarl settings set --ns ns1.adbraun.lol.,ns2.adbraun.lol. --contact hostmaster@adbraun.lol --ttl 3600
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```
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## Users, tokens, audit (administration)
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```sh
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jarl user list
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jarl user create alice --role dns-editor # asks for a password
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jarl user create ci --no-password --grant "records:write zones=lab.adbraun.lol"
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jarl user update alice --admin
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jarl user update alice --password # set a new password
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jarl user update bob --disabled # logs bob out, blocks his tokens
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jarl user delete bob -y
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jarl token list [--user alice | --all] [--revoked]
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jarl token create laptop --expires 365d
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jarl token create backup-script --grant "*:read"
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jarl token create acme --user certbot --role acme
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jarl token revoke 7
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jarl audit [--user alice] [--action auth.login_failed] [--outcome failure] [--since 2026-10-01] [--limit 100]
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jarl search 192.168.1.20
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jarl status # named, adoption, drift, open changesets, problems
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jarl check # validation + named-checkconf of the current configuration
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jarl resync [--force] [--dry-run] # rewrite every file from the database
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```
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Grant syntax and roles are in [permissions.md](permissions.md).
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## Query statistics
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```sh
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jarl stats status
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jarl stats summary --since 7d
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jarl stats top names | clients | nxdomain | servfail | refused [--since 24h] [--limit 20]
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jarl stats timeline --since 6h [--key rcode:NXDOMAIN] [--table]
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jarl stats heatmap --since 28d
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jarl stats breakdown qtype | rcode | view | zone | answer | rtt
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```
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Statistics must be enabled in `jarl.yaml`, and `-o json` exports the data.
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See [stats.md](stats.md).
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## ACME DNS-01
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```sh
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jarl acme set www.adbraun.lol <validation> # TXT at _acme-challenge.www.adbraun.lol
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jarl acme set '*.adbraun.lol' <value1> <value2> # wildcard + apex use the same name
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jarl acme unset www.adbraun.lol [<validation>]
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jarl acme certbot-auth / certbot-cleanup # certbot manual hooks
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```
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See [acme.md](acme.md) for certbot, acme.sh and a dedicated ACME zone.
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## Scripting tips
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* `-o json` gives full API objects. Pipe them to `jq`.
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* `-q` with `create` commands prints just the ID or token.
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* Check `$?` against the exit code table.
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* `jarl record delete ... --missing-ok` succeeds when nothing matches, which
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keeps cleanup scripts idempotent. `jarl record set` is idempotent by nature.
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